Genuine Essay Examples

Glucose and diabetic studies essay

001Consequence of wortmannin on aqueous fraction of P.fulgens roots stimulated glucose consumption in L6 cells: To clear up the mechanism of the sweetening of glucose consumption by P.fulgens, we examined whether aqueous fraction of P.fulgens -induced glucose consumption was reversed by wortmannin, which is a specific inhibitor for PI-3-kinase that blocks the insulin-signaling tract. Consequence β†’

Economy

In the equation, all sorts of expenditure that is done in the country are classified into either of the components of the GDP. Consumption The largest part of the GDP is consumption purchases and constituted 70% of the GDP in the US in 2007.

Eusebius: life of constantine

Harris Kamran History Critical Analysis 14 September Eusebius: Life of Constantine," New Advent, 2009, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/25021.htm 2.Ibid.3.Ibid.4.Ibid.5.Ibid.6.Ibid.7.Ibid.8.Ibid.9.Ibid.10.Ibid.11.Ibid.12.Ibid.13.Ibid. New Advent.2009.http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/25021.htm.

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate firms listed in chinese stock exchange

Many firms within the industry are owned by the government and the capital structure of listed firms is operated by listed organisations, which utilise a culture of collectivism in making capital structure decision. Methodology The study is a descriptive research design that explores the capital structure of companies listed in the Chinese stock exchange in β†’

Small is beautiful – college essay

Schumacher main message in the book is that there is only a certain amount of resources in this world and if we keep using these resources we will not be able to grow indefinite. I think if Ireland was under the view of the Buddhist Economics we would not be in a recession as there β†’

Informative essay on education

Today I am going to express my views on the topic: Role of Parents in Children's Education." I want my child's education to be holistic! " " I do not like cramming and the loads of homework." " I want my child to grow in astress-freeenvironment." " The curriculum must stimulate reasoning and analytical skills." β†’

Critical thinking midterm notes

While we must have a common language to communicate about different types of pseudoscience, the point of these lessons is to alert you to a number of ways in which reasoning fails. Appeal to Belief: The pattern is: " X is true because everyone think that it is true." It is a distorted version of β†’

Marketing of services telecom assignment

The unification of the Eurasian continent by the Mongols in the 13th century led to a wide plague that reduced the population of Europe and Middle East by one-third, has resulted in more per capita income for individuals and thus increased the demand for Eastern luxuries like precious stones, spices, ceramics and silks. The runaway β†’

History and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder

Biology of the Disorder There are no specific regions of the brain that are associated with this disorder. More research needs to be done to subtype the disorder with the hopes of finding some sort of relief treatment.

Critical reflection of communication skills relevant to selected clinical scenario nursing essay

During listening, the nurse paraphrases the words of the patient in fewer words so as to make sure that the nurse understood what the patient wants. Leading encourages the patient to retain primary responsibility for the direction of the communication and helps them to be active in the process.

Indepth analysis of debenhams public marketing essay

By the year 1950, Debenhams owned 84 companies and 110 stores and in 1976, the company acquired Brown's of Chester. Debenhams is a Public parent company, comprising of one public parent and 49 subsidiaries, two of which are in Denmark, one in Ireland and the rest of which are in the United Kingdom.

Impact of slavery on a child

With the luxuries that even the poorest of children have in current times, makes the life a slave child even more unbelievable to say the least. Games such as " Hide the Switch" and " Auction" were just a couple of the games slave children played to prepare them for the actual beating or selling β†’

Inflation and america’s economy

The findings presented in the article contribute the evidence that inflation affects all spheres of economic and financial performance of the country. Denning, the author of the article, claims that the methods of fighting inflation are not always appropriate and may lead to sharper increase in interest rates and prices.

Honors classes: the double-edged sword

Intelligence and the ability to keep up with the fast-paced curriculum are the things that define a successful honors student. Honors students not only need to possess the raw intellect to keep up with the curriculum; they have to be able to adapt to the demands of the course.

Introduction to microbiology assignment

As the optimum medium and conditions varies for one sample to another, the colony count methods provide an estimate of the number of viable cells according to the medium employed, time and temperature of incubation. Using a sterilized device that looks like hockey stick, the sample was spread evenly on the surface of the agar β†’

Deborah tannens but what do you mean

I also agree to Tannen as she analyzes women's feelings when they do not get the same level of formality or politeness that they treat men with. I agree that men are stronger at arguing than women because this is what they do all the time.

Military vs civilian career

The use of credible sources adds to the strength of the author's position. The organization could be improved by devoting a single paragraph each to a military and civilian career in terms of health insurance, family and education, making the essay 8 paragraphs in length, including the introduction and conclusion.

Fiber

Fiber What is the function of fiber in the body? " Dietary fiber from whole grains...helps reduce blood cholesterol levels and may lower risk of heart disease. Retrieved January 7, 2010, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyDietGoals/Whole-Grains-and-Fiber_UCM_303249_Article.jsp American Heart Association.

The american culture

The American Culture The famous American culture contains different subcultures, traditions, and customs of the majority of people in the United States of America. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2000.print Neil Campbell, Alasdair Kean.

Reading memo

Also, I do not think the solution to put a stop to the proliferation of sweat goods is in promoting the campaign for conscientious buying, instead, should be more on the promotion of corporate social responsibility for these companies. I say so because consumers are not going to stop buying goods just because they come β†’

Authentic assessment: five appropriate uses for authentic assessment in the classroom

Authentic assessment is used in the classroom to ensure that the students have an understanding of the constructive theories they have learnt in class and whether they can actually understand them. Finally, authentic assessment in a classroom is used to ensure that all students undertaking the task have an understanding of the subject matter.

The design of multi level car parks tourism essay

Depending on the type, its configuration and position of the pallet, it takes half to two-and-half minutes from the press of a button to an approaching car to the drive way level to park a car on it or drive away the car parked on it. THE PARKING PROCEDURE The PLC system computer decides, which β†’

What is childhood onset schizophrenia psychology essay

On average, males tend to experience symptoms of schizophrenia at the age of 18, compared to females who experience the illness at the average age of 25. A child who suffers from the onset of schizophrenia may need to have a teacher's assistant who can provide them with the positive support while they are in β†’

The law of evidence

The experiment consisted of different environments and the muscle was monitored and results were recorded of the amplitude and the frequency of the wavelengths. The purpose of this environment was to test the muscle activity in a cold environment and to analyse the effects.

Human embryonic development: days 14 to 28

Development of the yolk sac and amnion which supply nutrients and support the growth of the embryo: The cavity of the blastocyst is lined with new cells to create the yolk sac. As cells proliferate, the mesoderm spreads within the middle layer from the caudal end to the cranial end of the embryo, the notochord β†’

Those with power shape reality

In the book Chloe also shows the power that the police force and the justice in the role of shaping peoples reality. The Tall Man also depicts another type of power influencing reality; how the police force and the justice system had the power to shape the realities of people in the Aboriginal community.

We believe it is important to look at the stress experienced

Background: We believe it is important to look at the stress experienced by students and the environmental factors that possibly contribute to it, as it has been proven that stress has an effect on an individual's psychological well being. We believe it is important to look at the stress experienced by students and the environmental β†’

Beijing

Air pollution is considered the greatest environmental problem facing the city of Beijing. Another striking environmental issue that is of concern to the city of Beijing is the high population density.

The impossible punnett square

To be able to describe this important leg of the tabletop of science is an amazing feat, thus, Mendel got the title he is more known as: " The Father of Genetics". 11 Aug.2014.

The mask of adolf hitler assignment

With the help of emotional speeches, false propaganda, and the angry masses Hitler was able to fool the world and create an immoral reign. In the egging of his seize of power he was not originally favorite of the people but entered the government though corrupt bargaining." Hitter's Nazi party captured 18% of the popular β†’

Reading response # 3

In order to argue whether there is really a clash of civilization as suggested by Huntington or the reaction is just Muslim or Arab Phobia, it is important to understand the roots of this conflict and how this difference emerged. The current arrogance against Muslims and Arabs therefore is part of that perception that Arabs β†’

Working with and leading people

The intent of having these procedures is not to interfere with the selection of the candidates. In this case, the best leadership and motivation theory supporting Oliver's leadership is the McClelland's theory.

A civil action

The other difficulty is the misconduct by the defendants' lawyers; who failed to provide the test results to the jury, this made the determination of the case a difficult. Judge Skinner agreed that the companies contaminated the wells; but the main issue that was to be challenged was not the death and illness caused, as β†’

Market models of education – pros and cons

The authors of the chapter in question argues that even though these online courses might have their place in providing for a higher level of education with respect to the social sciences or to the hard sciences, argues that the provision of online classes in terms of teaching creative writing skills is doing a strong β†’

For antigay church, losing its cause before its founder

For Antigay Church, Losing Its Cause before Its Founder For Antigay Church, Losing Its Cause before Its Founder Michael Paulson's article " For Antigay Church, Losing Its Cause before Its Founder" provides insight into the diminishing influence of Westboro Baptist Church in Missouri's Kansas City. Paulson examines the church, within the larger context of declining β†’

Humanities today – define humanities and give current examples essay sample essay

In contrast.the physical scientific disciplines tend to analyze the universe and its phenomena objectively.without mention to or consideration of human significance and intent.a cardinal facet of the humanistic disciplines. Following is a presentation of the humanistic disciplines in the twenty-first century through the scrutiny of its art.music.architecture.doctrine.and literature.

Kkk college essay

It has been observed that the author of the Shakespeare plays displays a considerable sympathy and familiarity with the practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church.i The intent here is to show a link between this English Catholic leader and the writer of the drama, Twelfth Night, as revealed by allusions to Edmund Campion β†’

Depression intervention for older adults

In addition, epidemiology data of the borough of Enfield highlighted the health need of this population group and the risk factors related to their ill health to increase awareness on preventive measures and to promote health. All of the approaches to tackle depression in the older adult in the day-to-day practice of district nursing will β†’

Malaria and typhoid fever infection rates in pregnant women

Abstract Malaria and typhoid fever are both endemic in the tropics and pregnant women constitute one of the high risk groups. The association between typhoid and malaria was first described in medical literature in the middle of the 19 th century by the United States Army and was erroneously called " typho-malaria fever".

Rise and fall of revisionist and traditionalist history in the context of the bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945

The Rise and Fall of Revisionist and Traditionalist History in the Context of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 The sensitivity surrounding detonation of the nuclear bombs, even today, is understandable. Although Feis did accept the USSBS' findings that a combination of a blockade and the continuation of conventional air attacks would bring β†’

The ‘lucifer effect’: how good people turn evil

Dr Zimbardo saw the SPE as the parallel to the controversial abuses in Abu Ghraib, which shaken the morality of the world in 2004. The soldiers in Abu Ghraib were just US Military Police Army Reservists without any preparation to run the prison, exactly like the students role- playing the guards in the prison-like stimulated β†’

Impacts of offsite and industrialized on professional roles

This report aimed to explore procurement and professional roles in offsite and industrialized construction project and in context analysed the impacts on professional roles and focus on how construction project management teams are formed. The offsite and industrialization construction involves the market examination, management, design and the selling of the finished modular, distribution, installation and β†’

Causes of failure at lehman business essay

It was apparent in the case of Lehman Brothers that they should adopt the practice of organisational resizing in response to the economic and environmental conditions8. Understanding Human Resource management in the context of organisation and their environments.

Examining how management influences employees during change

This raises the demand for organisations to be proactive in pull offing and act uponing the behaviour and responses of their employees during the alteration procedure. The end will be to measure the strength of communications, the usage of external information and engagement of employees in the alteration procedure.

Hitlers rise to power

Hitler's rise to power was a consequence of a number of contributing factors, including resentment at the loss of World War One, the weaknesses in the Weimar republic exploited by using propaganda, the trepidation of the SA, Hitler's storm troopers, his charismatic and passionate oratory skills that captivated the German nation and the poor state β†’

Patrick bateman in “american psycho” – a freudian analysis essay sample

Freud would say that is was the " Id" that gave Patrick all of his energy to engage in his daily activities that included an intense, egocentric and narcissistic approach to his appearance. It seemed to be the part that took over in nearly all situations and was responsible for satisfying all of his instinctive β†’

Paranoid schizophrenia essay sample

There is also evidence that the presence of the deficit form of schizophrenia increases the relative risk of schizophrenia. Paranoid schizophrenia is the commonest form of the disorder.

Call to action & technology and globalization

One of the health consequences identified in the report is based on the fact that obesity may lead to the development of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the report and the newspaper article denote that obesity is on an increase, and people should be aware of its dangers and strife to prevent it.

Establish & adjust the markerting mix

Below is the table describing the different segments of the Fruit Juice Market SEGMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICE MARKET GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION World Regions The current market of fruit juices in Australia is being fully tapped by the various juice companies available. Aiming at large Family Size Segments: Since the brand Loyalty is very low in this β†’

Paper topics

The participation of psychologists in these committees has been arguably immoral despite the absence of the provision of the twin roles in the act. The Morals behind the Involvement of Psychologists in Disciplinary Committees The paper will examine the role of a psychologist in relation to the morals behind their decisions when participating in disciplinary β†’

Bus205 mod 3 ca

All McDonalds' stores are however subject to the regulation and control of the top management and the McDonalds Corporation. In the McDonalds context, article 2 of the UCC is evaluated in regard to McDonalds' blank contract in franchising.

Operation analysis

Assuming every outcome is as likely as its alternatives, we can calculate the EMVs for all potential decisions that Susan could take; in the case of a Small-sized station, Annual returns if the market is: Good: $50, 000 Fair: $20, 000 Poor: -$10, 000 EMV = * = $20, 000 Medium-sized station, Annual returns if β†’

The trial of socrates

The Trial of Socrates The text in ' The Trial of Socrates' is a situational reference from the history that narrates therevelations of Socrates as to how he is being accused wrongly of many things by the Athenians by stating his position about his deeds. The main characters in the text are Socrates, the audience β†’

The possible worlds essay

In poetry, readers often find themselves in other worlds and other dimensions either through the poet's conscious evocation of these worlds through the images employed in the poem, or through the reader who creates a world out of the melding of what the poem says and what he thinks the poem means. Poems such as β†’

Flashcards – quiz 8 essay

What is the term used? single-sessionYou can erase a DVD+RfalseWhich of the following kinds of cards stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card? smartWhat best describes an optical disc? a flat, round portable disc that is written and read by a laserWhich of the following is not a characteristic of a hard β†’

Nestle was founded in 1866 management essay

Although there are a huge number of products need to be produce by Nestle but the quality of the products are always the priority of Nestle to renowned throughout the world. In the tip to toe questionnaire research, we useda week to done the research from distribute questionnaire questions to collect the employees respond and β†’

History of marijuana legalization in california

Acting as the Government Relations Director of the Los Angeles police department, the legalization of recreational use of marijuana has created additional barriers for police officers to enforce illegal activities that are often related to the use, distribution and selling of marijuana not only by individuals but now include dispensaries that were selling for medical β†’

Comprehensive audit case

Andersen violated the auditing standard of planning and supervision by not appropriately planning the audit and supervising the audit to find that they were too involved in the accounting of Enron to complete the audit. Professional audit standards also require that the audit be performed by someone who is not affiliated with the company, who β†’

Determinants of organisation structure business essay

An organisational construction allows information to flux to different parts of concern and becomes the model for the full organisation. One can appreciate the importance of a strong organisational construction when you are working without one and seeking to acquire one functional.

Environmental testing

Therefore, the fungus is not in the same genus with the two bacteria because they have marked differences in their microscopic view. Well, the grouping of living organisms in their speecies and genus can only be achieved through microscopic and macroscopic views in a laboratory.

Pesticide usage,

The number of people being saved from these disease by pesticides is vastly higher than the number of people who die from pesticides.[1] Another reason pesticides should be used is that they make crops cheaper. A different reason why pesticides are beneficial is that they improve the quality of crops.

Key concerns for supermarkets in ensuring the success of their home branding strategies essay sample

Due to the increasing competition in the market, companies have found it necessary to brand their products in order to have an identity in the market. In this regard supermarkets have been carrying out market research data in order to evaluate the effectiveness of their branding strategies.

Leadership when chance occurs the effects

Leadership is necessarily utilization of skills, force and knowledge in order to bring about a change in the way, mood or orientation of a matter or set of matters." A leader is a person who has a vision, a drive and a commitment to achieve that vision, and the skills to make it happen". One β†’

Topic .source: chapter 13 planning for the harvest (small business management 17th ed. longenecker, petty, palich and hoy)

When the profit margin of a company falls because the market has consolidated in such a way that the consumers have a stronger bargaining power than was the case before, it becomes prudent for the small business owner to sell the business. The son-in-law was part of a management team that handled the business before β†’

Exercise 124 essay

The renamer fragment A trip to Europe! has been attached to the complete sentence, and a comma has been added.________________________________________ 2. The adverb fragment where we could spend the first three nights of our vacation has been attached to the complete sentence.________________________________________ 6.

Clinical reflective journal

I sensed that all patients who are walking in the corridor and some of them keep murmuring, and those behaviors I seen are seldom appearing in the general ward. After caring of psychiatric patient in these two weeks, it helps clear up my misunderstanding of them and I hope that thenursingcare of psychiatric patient can β†’

Career autobiography and critical analysis psychology essay

The trait factor of Holland's theory fails to discuss the role of family as an influence in respect to career development, whereas, in Super's theory the family plays a critical role in the individuals formation of self-concept. The influences are said to affect attitudes of individuals in respect to that individual's purpose in life and β†’

Theories of why humans sleep

However although we may feel better, more alert, energetic, even happier after a good night's sleep; the fact that we do and that we would feel a whole lot worse without having that sleep only touches on the reasons organisms need to sleep. Ultimately both are life-sustaining but on a more basic level we see β†’

Ambiguity of a written contract in australia

An objective approach must always be used in the interpretation of a commercial contract and the meaning of terms determined by what a reasonable businessperson would have understood those terms to mean if it was in the position of the parties at the time the contract was made.[1] The process of interpretation may require an β†’

Feminist movement in 20th century germany

This work taken on by women is argued by many to have been one of the main starting points for the rise of German feminism in the 20 th century, and the beginning of the more influential role of women that we see in today's society. Therefore, it could definitely be argued that the work β†’

Saudi aramco: looking ahead

The cornerstone of their strategy moving forward is based on the triad in the areas of: * To be the fully Integrated Energy; Chemicals company across value chain * Expand in Natural Gas, Oil refining and Chemicals Operations with planned $200 Ban USED additional investments in the coming decade.* Secure future beyond oil and gas β†’

Systems analysis and design assignment

Hence, TIPS are designed to process transactions promptly and effectively to ensure data is available to the customers as and when they require and to the processes that require it. The main objective of TIPS is to intro the execution of a set of simultaneous transactions to simplify day by day transactions and in this β†’

Poverty in brazil

For instance, a research conducted by Almeida revealed that ten percent of the wealthiest people in the country controls nearly 50% of the country's GDP, while ten percent of the poorest people only access less than 1%. Almeida argue that the cause of poverty of the major cities of Brazil is triggered by the failure β†’

ο»Ώiridium case study essay sample

The idea behind doing this is so that you understand the mechanics of the model and see some of the complications of a more realistic model than the ones we completed in class. Compute the Aggregate Senior Debt Balance Compute the Default and Repayment of Default on Subordinated Debt Fill in the balance sheet and β†’

To what extent can the tragedy of eva smith be blamed on the society in which she lived essay sample

But he does not accept any guilt, but believes he had good reason to sack her, ' The girl had been causing trouble in the works, I was quite justified.' Sheila Birling was the daughter of Arthur; she had Eva Smith sacked from her job at Millwards when she informed the manager to sack her. β†’

Worldcom and reliant should be charged with felonies

In the cases of WorldCom and Reliant Energy, the losses were massive, widespread, and accomplished with the company's officers knowledge that the activity was illegal. With respect to the USDOJ's definition of corporate crime, in the case of Reliant Energy and WorldCom, the companies were liable for the actions of its officers due to a β†’

Response journal 5

According to the CNN article, Transocean, the owner of the rig is blaming BP for its missteps which caused the spill. Another important implication of the engineering decisions that led to the oil spill is in the area of politics.

The second great awakening

The Second Great Awakening brought to fruition the efforts some social reformers had begun earlier in the 19th century. Uncle Tom's Cabin is a good example of how the abolitionist viewed slavery and how the participants of the Second Great Awakening viewed the Christian's duty in regards to curing social ills.

Calder vs. jones essay

Jones In the case of Calder V. The case, Calder V.

Inflammatory dendritic cells contribute to regulate the immune response in sickle cell disease

The development of DCs and their differentiation to a specific cell subtype depends on the cytokines released in the microenvironment, and the bloodstream of patients with SCD contains greater amounts of GM-CSF and IL-3, which are determinants in the development of cDCs and pDCs, respectively. In other experiments, the cells were counted and incubated with β†’

Toyota lean customer relationship management

The Lean CRM first guides the prospective customer to website once the customers plan to purchase car. This is the " Toyota push" strategy to push customers to the right information.

Lyme disease public education plan

There are many associations for Lyme disease in the United States that are conducting many different research programs to help improve the understanding of the disease, improve testing and treatment procedures, and help with the prevention and control of the disease. Being able to educate the public on the disease and ways to keep you β†’

Astrophysics

The purpose of astrophysics is to seek and understand the universe and how we fit in it. What Is the Purpose of Astrophysics.

Magic carpet airlines essay sample

The second strategy was to get all the members involved in the process by handing out pens, buttons, and t-shirts with the slogan, " We make the difference and they make the money". This was a reasonable way to spread the word and to let all members know that the Union was working hard to β†’

Commercial photography survey

Commercial photographs of individual products, or of product lines, can either center on the design of the good, for instance the neatness of a kettle, or the deepness of carpet threads. A product-wise aspect of this photography shows the details, as well as the " feel good" of the product while advertising aspect of this β†’

Discussion board questions 1

Power, as Russett, Starr, and Kinsella defined, is the ability to have an impact on the behaviour of other actors, mainly to affect the opportunities available to others and their willingness to select specific courses of actions. Non-governmental organizations are another kind of non-state actor and they seem to have relatively less impact on involving β†’

What yemen thinks should be done about syria

One of the consummate historical occurrences is the ouster of the former president, Saleh and the swearing-in of Hadi after numerous riots and unrest. It is important since it transformed the Yemeni government for the better of its economy and welfare of the citizens.

Plan for growth

JCPenney has reestablished and redeveloped right assortment of merchandise including sought-after national brands, well-known private brands, and exclusive offers found by the customers only at JCPenney and that are valued by them a lot. Nevertheless, having realized that young customers make a large part of the company's customer base, JCPenney has directed its attention toward β†’

Community visit experience: st davids medical station

The health stations are as follows: the Snug Corner Medical Station, the New Hampshire Medical Station, the Happy Hill Medical Station, and the Mt. The medical doctors from the district come in everyday from the health center to assist with the patients' care.

Programs for nurturing creativity

Some of the programs employed in nurturing creativity include odyssey of the mind, future problem-solving and talents unlimited in terms of the best target group. Odyssey of the Mind Odyssey of the mind is one of the programs that have been extensively employed in nurturing creativity among the kids.

Testing strategy for internet applications

Introduction With the emergence of e-commerce sites and the growth of business performed over the web, it is critical for companies to have their internet applications tested extensively to ensure that they function correctly, are compatible over many different browsers and operating system configurations and can handle a large amount of concurrent users. The main β†’

Motivation and objective of the thesis engineering essay

In the best case, when the three wires are switching in the same direction, the delay on the victim wire is the delay without crosstalk. Therefore, the inductance of a line is the self-inductance of the loop formed by the signal wire and its return.

A project in al ain city tourism essay

SWOT analysis for any business in Al Ain city explained below: Strengths of Al Ain organization depends on the resources and capabilities that they are using in their organization. This model is the Advantage for any organization who wants to set our business in Al Ain city.

Effects of caffeine and nicotine on the body and mind

In this paper the author will explore what effects caffeine has on the body and mind; what effects nicotine has on the body and mind and finally what effect caffeine and nicotine have on each other. Increased in severity of the symptoms and duration of withdrawal is directly associated with the amount of caffeine intake β†’

In depth analysis of the globalisation issue and its impact business essay

The report is rather a quantitative input to the project as it includes facts and figures regarding globalisation issues in countries including Algeria which is the main focus of the research. The book is a valuable input towards critical analysis of globalisation concept as it gives a candid and realistic view of negative aspects of β†’