Genuine Essay Examples

Essay on employee retention

Employee turnover is not a negative thing because the end result of employees leaving the company is the influx of fresh talent. There are a number of causes of turnover and these are: 1. Ross Tripp, work force planning officer of the State of Oklahoma explains the different types of employee turnover. When the organization →

Analysis of the hilton hotels essay sample

Hilton Hotels is one of the market leaders in the hotel and gaming industry in the United States. A few of the key issues facing the Hilton Hotels is as follow: The need to better target the needs of customer segments To customize hotel services based on these needs

Business law essay sample

Communication of an Offer The offeror should communicate the offer to the offeree prior to the acceptance of an offer. This was in agreement with the contract law, which requires offer acceptance to be communicated to the offeror in the mode directed or implied by the offeror during the offer. Despite Bill and Ben →

Zara internationalization analysis

Operating Filial When ZARA first started opening stores outside of Spain, at the end of the 1980's and beginning of the 1990's, they looked for markets that resembled the Spanish market, had a minimum level of economic development and would be relatively easy to enter. This analysis was made to see how much alike →

Essay on conflict in a racialized society

Conflict in a racialized Society It is evident that hierarchies in a racialized society in one way or the other interlock, making the less advantaged race conflict against the privileged and vice versa. In my view, privileges earned on the basis of racism is the principal cause of conflict between races in a →

Creative writing on i/o psychology

The main goal of I/O psychology is to improve the workplace by making it better for workers. It can be said that I/O psychology has brought rewards for both the employers and the employee. Response 1: This piece of work explains the importance of I/O psychology.

Business ethics a primer on sarbanes-oxley critical thinking

The SOX Act of 2002 sought to regulate accounting and auditing companies to ensure the sustainability of public companies and that of the economy by extension. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an act that was signed by President Bush and adopted by the US congress in 2002. The SOX Act sought to govern accounting practices, prevent →

Essay on general estimate requirements for enterprise telecommunications

Enterprise telecommunication planning Many requirements are needed in the planning and implementation of enterprise telecommunication. The management has to put in to consideration many factors ranging from equipment resources and human resource. In telecommunications industry, data is the major resource that is sought to be utilized and transferred effectively in a secure manner →

The supply demand curve for apples in europe after the import ban by russia essay sample

However, the effect determines the direction to which the equilibrium shifts. The high supply of apples in the European Union will have a direct impact to the prices of the commodities. Following the high number of suppliers, meaning the quantity of the fruits is high, the prices of the fruits will have to go down. →

Free reading response for marx and klein essay sample

A contemporary product's path from material form, through human labor, to commodity, and ultimately to fetish According to Marx theory of commodity, a commodity assumes the character of the product of the labor. He argued that quality human labor is expressed objectively in a commodity and the measure of expenditure, duration of expenditure, →

Example of essay on boiled frog phenomena

On the other hand, if the same frog is placed in a pot containing tepid water and the temperature gradually increased, the frog will not recognize the changes and will allow itself to be boiled to death. Application of boiled frog phenomenon to business and strategic management In strategic management, →

Essay on economics assignment

This is the consolidated target of Nike's business lines that include the Nike brand, Cole Haan, the Jordan brand, Nike Golf, Umbro, Converse and Hurley. In addition, the hit slogan " Just Do it" also maintained the reputation of the business that helped the company retain its market leadership through the current global economic slowdown. →

Good example of essay on caterpillar accounting scandal

The goal of the company is to expand the business in different parts of the world. Accounting Fraud The company acquired other company Siwei, China in 2013. The company continued investigating and tried to find out the ways for recovering the loss. Role of Caterpillar after Recognizing Fraud Caterpillar Handled the Issue →

Example of advertisement and smartphones essay

Apparently, all three ad images are trying to gain their confidence from the audience by implicitly suggesting that the smartphone is the latest trend in mobile technology. One of the most effective ways to capture the attention of the target market in advertising is by means of using a tag line. The smartphone iPhone 5s →

Strategic implementation: the intel case

0". As Paul Otellini sets out to sustain the momentum of the company's new pursuits it continues to bank on the company's overarching mission and vision, the essence of which has remained the same, notably to delight customers and other stakeholders by " using Intel technology to make life better, richer and more convenient for →

Essay on new media

It consists of two words like " invest" and " idea", which means that you are going to invest a certain amount of money to realize or make people's ideas possible. My platform offer users to have the opportunity to open a business from a start. Also creating idea of " live" interaction →

How to make a pie chart in ms excel creative writing examples

Once you have the spread sheet complete, you are ready to make a pie chart in Excel. Step 1: You need to select two columns that you need to represent against each other in the pie chart. Then use the arrow keys to select the data till wherever you need it. Step 2: In this →

Free essay on mission vision and values

The corporation's revenues come from royalties, rent, and fees paid by franchises, as well as sales from restaurants operated by the company. McDonald's vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Another objective of the firm is to ensure customer satisfaction through quality food in a friendly →

Good corporate social responsibility at google essay example

The company develops CSR programs throughout the world, striving to make the world a better place by improving the livelihood, education and sustainability in small and global communities. Google's involvement in the community implies active education for developing the conservation and sustainability of local resources through the use of technology. Wilson sees the →

Cisco systems implementing erp essay sample

The contributing factor to Cisco's dominating presence in the market is due to the company's primary product, the " router". Don Valentine, partner of Sequoia Capital and vice chairman of the board of Cisco, was the first to recognize the success and potential of Cisco.

Volkswagen’s scandal pestel analisys

The company is estimated to have lost 18 billion dollars relating to costs from the scandal, analysts also forecast a that they will be facing bankruptcy in 5 years to come if operations are not implemented to do damage control. This report has been compiled to identify the financial strain of the incident on the →

Free essay about auditing

In all types of auditing, auditors recognizes and perceives all the proposals forwarded to them for review, collecting evidence and evaluation and while using this basis they formulates the final judgment that is disseminated through the audit report. As a result, it was essential to assess the likelihood of material misstatements which could result due →

Example of succession at apple essay

What is important is for that leader to understand the environment at Apple and the motivations of its people. The success or failure of his successor is to be able to harness what drives the people to motivate themselves to perform that is what motivates the people other than the leader. Tim Cook has been →

Critical analysis on the context of multi-agency team work

The conditions that the clients are now living in due to the above being ongoing for some time are now less than satisfactory, and to that end the present situation and what should be done about it, has become the primary focus of the various professionals and agencies involved in care of the clients. Each →

Tco of hybrid vehicle designs essay sample

The resulting energy usage of the EREV was taken as a function of electric battery size for a customer with a yearly travel of 15, 000 km. For this situation, the share of intake for the power from grid and fuel were computed as 45 % and 55 % respectively.

Essay on ecosystems and how they work

Local and international environmental activists work in attempts to influence policy formulations at both local and global levels to help in conservation of the forest through sustainable utilization of the forest's resources, for instance, The Greenpeace, USA. Both commercial and small scale miners cause destruction to the forest. The deforestation of Amazon forest bears severe →

Family rivalry: adidas vs. puma critical thinking

This paper discusses the history of the two brothers and their company before splitting up, the characteristics of the two brothers and what resulted in the split up. Adolf Dassler was a German soldier who took part in World War 1. This made him bitter as he felt that Adolf →

Example of hyundai – response case study

This is the reason that Hyundai cars become top selling cars not only in the US, but also in India, Europe and other countries. The concept of mutual benefit and reduction in unemployment also comes into the picture in case of international trade. In the case of Hyundai, the company gained its competitive advantage by →

Free how to make the clear water action more popular from the social media creative writing sample

These tools of social networking, communication and collaboration are ideal to change the landscape and empower grassroots people to take active roles in developing and using clean water. Recognizing the ultimate power of social media, Clean Water Action needs to use the social media comprehensively in order to satisfy their needs. The company needs to →

Good example of marketing plan for abc company essay

Over the years, ABC has been producing healthy, drinking products, and the company's mission and vision tightly focus on the health of the customers nationally and worldwide. On the other hand, the old people need nutrients and vitamins to boost their health. Aged persons do not have an active immune system, →

Essay on dream enterprise

I believe the set of skills I gained as a merchandiser and a marketer will be valuable in this line of business. I also love socializing, making new friends and convincing people to buy my ideas which are important in marketing. In order to get started in my dream business, →

Per aarsleff swot analysis essay sample

The continued poor performance in the in R&D (which is evidenced in the company's continued use of traditional technologies), under the increasingly competitive market, will affect negatively the profitability of the company.(Kindly note that not everything in the paper will require a source. Some, such as this statement, are informed observations resulting from critical thinking)

Tender invitation for software companies to supply new order processing systems essay

In the event of failure of the fulfillment of the four major requisites as discussed below, the tender will be rejected. Management skills of the IT system The company has a specific criterion that is required for the IT software system which should represent essential requirements that implements management systems functions during the operation. →

Global human resource management at coca-cola question answers essay sample

This way they add value to the local business from their learning experience from the other parts of the world. Question 2. What is the strategic role of the HRM function at Coca-Cola ?

Coca cola company industry and competitive analysis

And I want to play all day but not always because I want to first my study. And when the nurse is there to get our blood pressure my mother's blood pressure is the highest blood pressure at all.

Notice, agenda, minutes essay sample

Daulatpur, Khulna February 15, 2000 NOTICE A meeting of the Board of Director of the company will be held on Wednesday, 22nd February, 2000 at 3, 40 p.m at the registered office of the company at 25, Punch Bibi Road, Daulatpur to review the prevailing market conditions and to refax →

Research paper on allstate and progressive insurance comparison

In that view, the leading firms including Allstate and Progressive have been identified to have adapted strategies that seek to maintain their leadership. However, although the two companies are leaders in the market, they apply different approaches in marketing and advertising their products. There has also been consolidation of the →

Marketing plan for midnite king local food joint essay examples

The degree of success it will have to the market mainly depends on to what extent to which the enterprise will employ the right methods in these fields. Midnite king's ability to put into action what it has learned through the research of the market is a function to being successful in the consumer arena. →

Foreign news argumentative essay example

It is, therefore, important to examine why the media continues to give such biased reports about other foreign countries. There are a number of reasons why the media continues to give impartial news about foreign countries. For example, media house have become so intent on giving biased news about other foreign →

Android os and apple os draft essay sample

Both Android and Apple have a operating system or OS. Even though Android and Apple have different platforms regarding operating systems, they both have a lot of basic smartphone functionality that is share between them both. Android is less restrictive than Apple phones.

Example of process innovation proposal essay

Failure to identify these challenges during the development of the business innovation model can pose a challenge on the performance and attaining of the projected benefits. In the hospitality industry these phase is essential as it implicates on the need to evaluate the returns and the effects of the model on the entire business.

Sample essay on finance

Unlike Company B, it is focused on one product line of ethical pharmaceuticals with more focus on robust R&D rather than its brand management or development. On comparing the business scenario of both the companies, one thing that is straight forward is high end operations of the Company A. It →

Example of perception project critical thinking

The fans of Beyonce are likely to become the customers to this soft drinks company because they will affiliate with soft drinks during the concerts and tours where Beyonce is involved. During the launch of her songs and videos the concerts are designed and colored with the products of the as well as promotion of →

Investigation on the current strategic situation of british petroleum within the energy sector

The company is forging to still be a worldwide class operator, a responsible citizen and be a good employer to employees." We strive to be a world-class operator, a responsible corporate citizen and a good employer." BP business model The company believes that the best manner to attain sustainable success as a group is →

Nestle: case study of supply chain management and logistics essays example

They will be adequately trained by Nestl 's quality department, who would ensure that the quality of work and product is maintained all throughout the supply chain. - Moreover, Nestle would consider the international market rates for coffee, which would ensure the pricing is justified and there are no malpractices by anyone in the supply chain. →

Free employment and labor law essay example

Hackenberg files the grievance and it is not resolved, it may take the form of a collective dispute (Managementstudyguide.com, 2014). Effective management takes steps concerning an employee grievance to eliminate the cause of the grievance. The verdict of the court was the Bryson was terminated because she was not able to fulfill the responsibilities of →

Free essay on what is erp system architecture

Enterprise architecture provides a holistic approach in addressing the problems encountering the business; this is because enterprise architecture teams provide solutions that address the problems of the business across the board. Solutions to the business are delivered in a more consistent and structured manner to tackle the problems of the business. IT Governance is another →

Evaluation of five categories of innovation adopters for reliance jio company

Further, the benefits of business analytics on the innovation and three issues solved by business analytics during the ongoing management is explained. Introduction to the Innovation Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited aka Jio is an Indian mobile network. This will be implemented by providing the services of Jio to its employees and staff →

Free critical thinking on wynn resorts ltd

The location of the proposed subsidiary also supports this expansion strategy given that the area would enable the company to offer more services and products to its customers and therefore enable differentiation. The only disadvantage with this strategy is that the firm will bear all the risks and costs associated with the project. Therefore, the →

Example of business leadership and business integration essay

This team is also charged with the mandate of preparing the business for the new entry, perform valuation in order to determine and reflect the potential and position of the business for the initial public offering, and sell the story of the company to the potential investors. The internal management of the company is working →

Environmental issues caused by engineering companies essays examples

Due to the diverse nature of the company, its operations are prone to many environmental issues that have the potential of causing greater risks to flora and fauna. The outcomes of the environmental impact assessment towards the issue revealed that the establishment of the wind turbine in a location was against the rules of the →

Description of a company’s operation

The plastic is then exchanged to particular unit to be reused in light of the fact that PET cannot be reused all the while because of their diverse properties. There will be two units running parallel to each other. After the reusing procedure is finished one a player in PET drop is moved to the →

Financial analysis of microsoft corporation

Hallman is promoted in Shirley's place; the company becomes the first PC software firm to surpass $1 billion of sales in a single year. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The →

Cultural literacy essay sample

After the discussion begins, the tone changes to a more academic tone, giving the audience a sense of the facts of the cultural phenomenon itself. The purpose of this discussion is not to make a judgment on the increasing popularity of the iPhone, nor is it meant to act as a commercial for the iPhone, →

Sample essay on marketing

The two main profit maximization methods used are: Marginal Revenue Method and Total Cost-Total Revenue Method. Question 2 Say if the price elasticity of demand for a given product is inelastic, then in that case a price increase will also increase the total revenue. Whereas, the price elasticity is a measure of the relationship →

Good example of marketing analysis essay

Introduction Targeting is an important part of any marketing strategy and it is related to the framing of marketing strategy in relation to the specific group of customers that the company has identified. Coke is the brand product of Coca Cola and it is the leading soft drink in the industry.

Good apple invention (story about the company) essay example

This paper aims to explain to the readers about Apple Company's contribution to advanced technology, a brief story about the company, and its current status in the market. Another reason is the uncertainty on whether its iWatch and Apple TV will boost the company's business. Why " Apple" was chosen as name of the company →

Accounting essay example

This kind of truthful accounting practice will provide a picture closer to the truth to the investors than a regulated accounting practice, which, in this case, provides a pessimistic picture about the earnings of the company. In most of the cases, companies try to decrease the allowance for uncollectible accounts because then the bad debt →

Free critical thinking on deductive study

The hypotheses have affirmative value, guiding the study's development towards finding whether or not research supports them. The literature review contributes to deducing the hypotheses in the analyzed study. In this way, the hypotheses are tested. Works Cited Audia Pino G & Greve, Henrich R." Less Likely to Fail: Low Performance, Firm Size, and →

Apple critical essay

The second situation occurs when the product's cost is too high and improved productivity is needed to bring it down. The Product Concept The product concept holds that consumers will favor products that offer the most quality, performance and innovative features, and that an organization should thus devote →

Free critical thinking on global economics

However, in this case, it is observed that the Swiss franc is overvalued against the US$. In the long run, it is expected that the Swiss franc will depreciate against the US$.

Mgt490_case #3_style and systems essays examples

This is because the synchrony of the organizational style and the systems in place either impedes or enhances the efforts of organizational management. As an important system in the company's organizational style, innovation is one of the attributes that have propelled Google onto the pinnacle of global business.

Free essay on strategic management accounting

Therefore, the variance through the use of the costing analysis keeps the management updated on the expectation of the business and especially on the business performance. The advantages of the standard costing The standard costing gives the rule of the measurement that helps in the evaluation of the business performance. In additional to this, →

Good essay about ctos and cios

A table of Selected CIOs A table of Selected CTOs - Summary of CIOs As seen from the tables above, most of the CIOs have a Masters degree. None of the CIOs have a second degree in any field. Most of the CIOs on the list did their Bachelors and Masters in →

Ratio analysis of next plc

One reason could be that due to higher demands they had to stock up their inventories. This ratio indicates that the company was able to sustain the same level of costs in year 2011, but also that the trading department successfully negotiated better prices with suppliers. Just as for the operating margin, →

Good entering foreign markets essay example

For example, it is easier to build an organization culture from scratch than it is to change the culture of an acquired unit. The article " Firm-specific advantages, entry modes, and performance of Japanese FDI in Thailand" examines the influence of multinational enterprises specific advantages and entry mode choice, on performance of their overseas subsidiaries. →

Growth opportunities essay

The contradiction of the two theories brings the need to unearth the reasons why different companies opt for different forms of capital structures. Gearing gives the proportion of entire company debt to equity capital. This means that the company is unable to reap all the benefits of tax relief.

On the other hand, mcdonalds boasts of being the leading global food retailer essay example

In this regard, the current discourse aims to present the following points: Ethical Tenets - Immanuel Kant conceptualized the ethical tenet which focuses on the study of duty where individuals should base decisions based on the motive behind an action. - John Stuart Mill believes in utilitarianism or " the idea that the moral →

Org behavior essay examples

They can easily shift to another job if they have the opportunity, even if with slightly less pay. Question 5 One of the causes of job satisfaction is the existence of a culture in the workplace. This is the making of assumptions based on a larger group and applying the same to a specific →

Managing processes and projects report examples

By the unique designs of the cabins, the frames the cables and hub, the London Eye modestly but strongly locates next to the River Thames. London Eye utilizes the most advanced technology to ensure top security for the visitors. Customers have the chance to speed up the wait by buying the tickets in advance and →

Apple computer 2002 essay sample

This case basically introduces the history of the Apple Company, and shows the company's ups and downs in the computer industry. The objective of recruiting is about attracting the talent people to be the company's employees following goal of the company and labor demand forecasting.

Free essay on reflective statement

The skimming process of reading the case study gives the reader the much needed impression that his initial fears emanated from the jargon and the lack of understanding of the market strategies. Whilst having an overview of the historical management strategies of the firm in acquiring its status as one →

Essay on selling a security program

The measures include the ability to carry out a cost and benefit analysis and this will show the benefit of placing the camera and at the same time calculate the amount spent in the camera and the money getting lost. Going by the cost analysis, the cost of the camera only comes once and if →

Financial analysis and comparison of nike and adidas stock

There are also many different patterns to the Adidas Ultra Boost, so there is always a pair of shoes that someone will like. The Trajectories of the Companies When comparing the two companies, Nike and Adidas seem to have become the unanimous top two in shoes and retail apparel. Nike is in the trajectory →

What are functional silos and how did they evolve essay sample

In this type of architectures, all the software, data and resources are located in the server. The fifth critical step in systems integration is the authentication and authorization step.

Processes starbucks uses to comply with sec regulations

Incases where the firm is suspected or is alleged to violate it is the duty of the person who makes such discovery to report to the firm's manager, the team management at the sites or at the ethics committees directly. The firm therefore conducts an investigation in order to identify and also to confirm the →

At&t financial statement analysis essay example

It is also the sole chance for AT&T to steal again the number one spot from Verizon as the largest mobile service provider in the country. The current trade policy on corporate merger challenges the two telecom companies on the grounds of monopoly and shrinking market competition. In the US alone the wireless sector has →

Essay on enterprise resource planning (erp)

If used in the proper manner, communication between department heads will be easy and smooth especially when a problem exists in the performance of the company. Among the main key, implementation issues of the ERP is the ERP consultants' issue. The implementation of ERP requires functional, interpersonal and technical skills, and in the current time →

External factors affecting the performance of a busies enterprise essay sample

The government always takes part in the making of laws that govern the business enterprises in that particular country. SOCIAL FACTORS: These are factors that cause changes in the trends can affect the demand of the firm's products and the motivation of the workers to work.

Data security in corporate america essay examples

Security data warehouse gets to be more paramount as solid and fitting security systems are obliged to attain the fancied level of protection assurance. Huge numbers of the fundamental necessities for security are well-known, and apply similarly to an data warehouse as to whatever other framework: The application must keep →

Wal-mart third party supplier in china essays examples

Wal-Mart's third party suppliers in China are in competition with each other and suppliers in other countries for the Wal-Mart account. Third Party Suppliers in China are responsible for reporting to China's national and regional environmental governance agencies.

Benefits of outsourcing essay examples

It helps companies to stay focused on their core businesses, while minimizing the required workforce and enhancing the quality of work by outsourcing non-core activities to the specialized organizations. 2. Access to expert services and specialized products Outsourcing is usually carefully planned, since it helps the company to achieve its strategic objectives.

Sample argumentative essay on the organization of labor to a firms profit strategy

The paper will commence with a brief history on the organization of labor before delving fully into the importance labor to the profit strategy. The organization of labor can in actual sense be traced to the days of slavery. In fact, it is becoming increasingly clear the success of the firm's strategy may be dependent →

Good example of essay on accounting

At the ends of the period the difference of the debt side and the credit side of the accounts in the general ledger is going to go to the trial balance. The impact of the credit sales on the income statement will be increase in the sales, and it is →

The coca-cola company as an american multinational beverage corporation

The outsourcing method utilized by Coca-Cola has had both positive and negative impacts on different individuals and stakeholder groups because of variations implemented by Coca-Cola. Deviations in Coca-Cola's engenderment plans through outsourcing, such as the production of its bottles, have brought lots of advantages for the business. Moreover, this is propitious for its shareholders as →

Free essay on order no. 210530009

To name a few countries to this day, Rolls-Royce reports that " Canada's expertise is in both engineering and repair and overhaul in the Aerospace and Energy businesses. That's just the nature of a global economy.

Essay on is the customer always right

In this case, the customer is wrong and the sales person is right because he is more knowledgeable about the item that must be bought and his professional integrity is on line. Blindly adhering to the saying that the customer is always right sometimes results in customers who take advantage of this adage. The customer →

Free essay about the global supply chain of wal-mart stores

Under the global strategy, the subsidiary management follow-up and a process of monitoring by Wal-Mart Stores is aimed at supporting global supply strategy alignment and international business control. Explaining matching global chain elements The global supply chain strategy is given shape by the following main matching elements: the first of these elements is industry →

Essay on advantages and disadvantages of individual performance related pay

The PRP methodology can be used to boost the morale of the team, individual and/or company, and it can be used to apply and, in some cases to achieve the objectives of a company. Since the beginning of industrial development, the culture of favoritism and biasness was spreading across all fronts of the global market, →

Features of contributing to the success of contrasting businesses

Selfridges has many partners who are involved within the business with them being involved it means they share the management of the business and will share the profits between the individuals. However, most businesses will have limited liabilities, this means that each partner is not responsible or liable for another misconduct that has happened in →

Good essay about wall-mart financial performance analysis

Its operations are in three segments including Wal-Mart International, Sam's Club and the Wal-Mart U.S. Ratios Analysis P/E The ratio measures the value that investors are paying for a dollar of a company's earnings, and lower values are better. The following is the current and past two years →

A critique of the instrumentalist view of international law essay sample

If you decide to rebel, the homeowner's association has the right to fine you and, if you do not pay the fines and (depending on the covenants of your association) do not remedy the problem, you could have a lien filed against your property and ultimately lose it to foreclosure. The problem with this is →

Increasing brand equity through brand personality

The potential for, and significant likelihood of, a moderate conclusion between the two extremes must be borne in mind. David Aaker first conceived of the idea of the value of a brand lying in its consumer's heads, or consumer based brand equity. Despite this though it is certain that consumer-brand relationships and characteristic →

Company background essay example

The services will also be targeted at house wives and older people who look for a way to relax at the end of a busy work day. Mission Statement The mission of Your Massage is to revolutionize the massage industry in USA and bring massage services within the reach of a number of customers. →

Apple inc.: keeping the “i” in “innovation” essay sample

CASE SYNOPSIS As one of the most well-known and respected companies in the world, Apple Inc.was one of the few companies to emerge from the recession stronger than ever. This offer by Apple, is considered as the method of Apple to share and manage the knowledge especially for the users. D.

Free corporate social responsibility essay example

However, the framework of the company depends on the social and economic environment of the business location, the ethical framework of the enterprises, and the cost implications. According to Ismail , the managerial theory of CSR suggests that a firm has to consider everything hat is external to its operations in making decisions. In →