Psychology: chapter 6 learning key terms

StimulusSomething that produces a reaction or responseResponseA reaction ONPSYCHOLOGY: CHAPTER 6 LEARNING KEY TERMS SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowConditioningLearningClassical Conditioninga simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulusUnconditioned StimulusA stimulus that causes a response that is automatic and not learned. Unconditioned ResponseAn automatic response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned ResponseA learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless. Conditioned Stimuluslearned stimulusTaste AversionLearned avoidance of a particular foodExtinctionOccurs when the conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulusSpontaneous RecoveryA displayed response that was extinguished earlier. GeneralizationThe act of responding in the same ways to the stimuli that seem to be similar even if the stimuli are not identical. DiscriminationThe act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other. FloodingWhen a person is exposed to harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished. Systematic DesensitizationRelaxation techniques used to overcome fear. CounterconditioningWhen a pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear. Operant ConditioningWhen people and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others because of the results of what they do. ReinforcementThe process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur once again. Primary ReinforcementReinforcers that function due to the biological makeup such as food, water, and adequate warmth. Secondary ReinforcementLearned reinforcers that initially acquire their value through being paired with established reinforcers. Positive ReinforcersIncrease the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied. Negative ReinforcersIncrease the frequency of the behavior when they are removed. Schedule ReinforcementWhen and how often the reinforcement occursContinous ReinforcementThe reinforcement of a behavior every time it occursPartial ReinforcementA behavior that is not reinforced overtime it occurs. ShapingA way in teaching complex behaviors in which one reinforces small steps in the right direction. Latent LearningLearning that remains hidden until it is needed. Observational LearningAcquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others.