Behavioral learning

learninga relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experienceassociative learningleaning that certain events occur together ONBEHAVIORAL LEARNING SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Nowconditioningthe process of leaning associationsstimulusthe cause or modifier of a behaviorbehaviorthe reaction to a stimulusclassical conditioninglearning when a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with the natural cause of a behavior and creates a similar or related response
stimulus –> behavior
*behaviors stay the same, stimuli change*operant conditioningassociating a response and its consequence to repeat or stop behaviorsunconditioned stimulusany natural stimulus that causes a reflexive behaviorunconditioned responsethe automatic behavior to a stimulusconditioned stimulusa previously neutral stimulus that through acquisition, causes a learned response behaviorconditioned responselearned behavior developed in association with a conditioned stimulusacquisitionthe stage in classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus begins to be associated with an unconditioned stimulus so that it triggers a conditioned responseextinctiongradual erosion of conditioned behaviors due to dissociating of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulusspontaneous recoverysudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response that is displayed after extinctiongeneralizationconditioned responses that are triggered not only by the conditioned stimulus but also by stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus
white rat… crying
cotton balls… crying descriminationbehavioral changes that result from a between new stimuli that are otherwise similir to the conditioned stimulus superstitionfalse and irrational associations of stimuli conditioned through coincidencetaste aversiona learned (conditioned) avoidance of food; typically only require one acquisition to developphobiasirrational fears that often develop as a result of exaggerated conditioned learning; most are associativeflooding method, systematic desensitization, counter conditioningtypes of phobia therapyflooding methodexposure to overwhelming amounts of the fear provoking stimulussystematic desensitizationgradual exposure to progressive increments of the fear provoking stimulus in conjunction with relaxing techniquescounter-conditioningsubstituting the fearful stimulus with a more appealing conditioned stimulus so that the phobic response is neutralized, or counteracted
*JOHN WATSON*behavioral modifiersactions associated with behaviors to initiate or stop themreinforcementanything to make a behavior repeatpunishmentanything to stop a behaviorpositiveanything addednegativeanything taken awayPavlov: classical :: Thorndike: operant________: classical:: _______: operantLaw of Effectlearning by trial or error; created by thorndike1st: can you do it?
2nd: is there improvement?
3rd: is there a dramatic improvement? Learning CurvePremack Principleincentive based learning to change undesirable behaviors; rewards only; most effective when rewards given after behavior changecontinuous reinforcementapplying a reinforcement upon the completion of every display of conditioned behaviorpartial reinforcementbehavior isn’t reinforced every time, but is enforced regularly enough so that a conditioned behavior developsratioa schedule based upon an amount of behaviorsintervala schedule based upon the passage of timefixeda predictable schedulevariablean unpredictable scheduleshapingtechnique of instructing complex behaviors by breaking them down into smaller components and applying reinforcement after each steplatent learninglearned behaviors that develop with no direct reinforcement and only tend to appear out of necesity
*not knowing you actually know something, because you weren’t tested on it*insightsudden flash of understanding and solving abilitiesmodelingobservational learning; mokey-see, monkey-doIvan Pavlovclassical conditioning
” Dog saliva” – conditioned response experimentsJohn WatsonClassical Conditioning
” Little Albert Einstein” – phobias, generalization, & extinction
first real american psychologistEdward Thorndikeoperant conditioning
” law of effect” & ” learning curve” – ONLY rewardsDavid Premackoperant conditioning
” premack principle” – ONLY rewardsBF Skinneroperant conditioning
” skinner boxes” – reinforcements and punishmentsEdward Tolmansocial learning
cognitive mapping with ” mouse mazes” – latent learningWolfgang Kohlersocial learning
” chimpanzee experiments” – insightAlbert Bandurasocial learning
” Bobo Doll Experiment” – modeling