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Process Essay, 3 pages (600 words)

Learning processes chapters 1-3 key terms

associationa connection between the representations of two events (two stimuli or a stimulus and a response) such that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of the otherdualismthe view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms ONLEARNING PROCESSES CHAPTERS 1-3 KEY TERMS SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Nowempiricisma philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experiencefatiguea temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behaviorhedonismthe philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the actions of organisms are determined by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of painlearningan enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responsesmaturationa change in behavior caused by physical or physiological development of the organism in the absence of experience with particular environmental eventsnativismthe philosophical position adopted by pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous systemnonsense syllablea three-letter combo (two consonants separated by a vowel) that has no meaningperformancean organism’s activities at a particular timereflexa mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific responseprimary processthe first process in the opponent process theory of motivation that is elicited by biologically significant events
-responsible for the quality of the emotional state that occurs in the presence of the stimulus
-” a” opponent processcauses physiological and behavioral changes that are the opposite of those caused by the primary process
-” b” afferent neurona neuron that transmits messages from sense organs to the central nervous system
-also called sensory neuronappetite behaviorbehavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulusconsummatory behaviorbehavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of behavior to consummation or completion
-usually series-typical modal action patternsdrug tolerancereduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drugefferent neurona neuron that transmits impulses to muscles
-” motor neuron” focal search modethe second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search, in which the organism engages in behavior focused on a particular location/stimulus that is indicative of the presence of foodfood handling and ingestion modethe last component of the feeding behavior sequence, in which the organism engages in nondirected locomotor behaviorhabituation effecta progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulushabituation processa neural mechanism activated by repetitions of a stimulus that reduces the magnitude of responses elicited by that stimulusinterneurona neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from afferent (sensory) to efferent (motor) neuronsmodal action patternA response pattern exhibited by most, if not all, members of a species, used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behaviorsensitization effectan increase in the vigor of elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus or from exposure to a strong extraneous stimulussensitization processa neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulussensory adaptationa temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulussign stimulusa specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a modal action pattern
-” releasing stimulus” spontaneous recorveryreturn of responding to baseline levels produced by a period of rest after habituation or sensitizationSR systemthe shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an eliciting stimulus and the muscles involved in making the elicited responsestate systemneural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness, or arousal of the organismsupernormal stimulusa sign stimulus whose features have been artificially enhanced or exaggerated to produce an abnormally large modal action pattern

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