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Krashen’s five major hypotheses

1. Acquisition-Learning HypothesisAdult learners’ ” fluency in L2 performance is due to what we have ACQUIRED, not what we have learned. SUBCONSCIOUS acquisition is separate from conscious learning and is SUPERIOR in the long-run. 2. Affective Filter HypothesisThe best acquisition will occur in environments of low anxiety, that is, in contexts where the affective filter is LOWER. ONKRASHEN’ S FIVE MAJOR HYPOTHESES SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Now3. Natural Order HypothesisExtrapolating from morpheme order studies, we acquire language rules in a predictable or ” natural” order. 4. Monitor HypothesisMonitoring, ” watchdogging” one’s output, and other explicit, intentional learning, ought to be largely avoided, as it presumed to HINDER acquisition. 5. Input HypothesisComprehensible input-input that is ” a bit beyond” one’s level of competence-is ” the only true cause of second language acquisition.” That input may be represented as i+1, that is, neither too far beyond one’s reach nor so close that it poses no challenge (i+0). Further, speech will naturally ” emerge” with sufficient comprehensible input. Learning DefinitionThe activity or process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something. Acquisition DefinitionThe Act of gaining a new skill, ability, etc, usually by your OWN effort. Learning= Monitor-conscious (lang–> grammar or rules)
-surface knowledge
-corrects utterances
-putting effort into learning and correcting
-traditional, intentional instruction of a language, grammar rules, etc. Acquisition-subconscious
-implicit/effortless learning (L1)
-internalization/fluency
-initiates utterancesKrashen’s 3 Conditions (in order to monitor)1. time (everyday convos don’t supply enough time)
2. focus on form (attention on how one is saying something not the content)
3. to know the rule (” i after e”, or another grammar rule)3 types of monitor users1. monitor over-users
2. monitor under-users
3. optimal monitor useMonitor Over-Users-rely on learning
-have not acquired much of the lang
-don’t feel confident in acquisitionMonitor Under-Users-only use what has been acquiredOptimal Monitor Use-use ” learned competence as a supplement to their acquired competence”
-should not be used excessively, only to ” polish” lang

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