Human gross national income (gni). you can also

Human geography can be defined as ‘ The branch of geographydealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth’ssurface.'(Oxford Dictionary, 2017) At this moment in time there are many humanissues and events are happening all around the world for example , rapidpopulation growth as well as globalisation and mass migration . Events like thisneed to be studied so we can comprehend the world around us.

Moreover, if weunderstand it we can move forward in reducing these issues around the everchanging world. This is why it is a distinctive subject compared to physical geographyas it study’s the behaviours, events and lives of people. This is different to physicalgeography which is studying landscapes and formations. There is no other subjectallows a summary of the spatial effects of human behaviour and interaction.

Human Geography can be observed at many stages, from local to international andhas practical applications in strategic planning. Development is a contested term; it can be a goal but also aprocess. Development geography focuses on how quality of life and wealth ofindividuals varies around the world.

This allows us to identify problems in communities and therefore work toimprove the living quality of the people worst affected. This makes humangeography unique as it positively identifies areas which are in need ofsupport, they do this using economic measurement tools like Gross National Profit(GNP) and Gross National Income (GNI). You can also use human indicators tomeasure development such as life expectancy, infant mortality and literacyrate. One of the main actors in development is the World Bank, they have tomain focus, firstly to end extreme poverty and secondly promoting sharedprosperity.  The World Bank was set up in1940s due to the Bretton Woods conference which was aimed to maintain stabilityand develop world trade. This is distinctive as there are very little largescale organisations dedicated to providing finance to LEDCS to improve economicactivity, because the World Bank is so large it can access a larger group ofpeople benefiting them permanently.

Being able to measure wealth and quality oflife allows us to subsequently split the world using GNI and GNP perperson.  The Brent line divides the worldinto two categories More Economically Developed (MEDC) in the north and theLess Economically Developed (LEDC) in the south. However, this is out of dateas counties have developed largely from 1980 such as China which has seen exponentialgrowth in the past 20 years. If you know which areas are less economicallydeveloped then you can address and focus on those areas more than MEDCs and subsequentlyallows us to prepare for the future. Another way to measure development couldbe through Gross National Happiness, this is being done in Bhutan. This makeshuman geography extremely unique as there is no other happiness test to workout development. This is an index which the collective happiness in any specificnation. It has nine factors including physiological well-being and goodgovernance.

There are two main theory’s fist is the modernisationtheory, this is the process of becoming more modern this is largely infrastructurefocused. It says that that countries go through five interconnected stages of development, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and highlevels of mass consumption. However this large scale growth can cause seriousnegative externalities such as environment problems, pollution and deforestation. This is best presented in Rostows five stages of growth. This is unique as itclearly displays an accurate timeline of countries developments.

However, the model presumes all countriesstart with the same fundamentals “ Several development decades have not measuredup to expectations, especially in Africa and parts of South America’ (Pieterse. J2010), plus the model is based on European countries, it doesn’t include thedeveloping world. The second theory is postcolonial theory this is an academic controlthat analyses, enlightens, and reacts to the cultural legacy of colonialism andimperialism. Post colonialism is about the human consequences of jurisdictionand economic corruption of a native people and their assets. Rostows fivestages is important because it allows us to identify trends in developingallowing us to prepare for the future and giving us a greater understanding ofour country.        (https://developmenthinking.

files. wordpress. com/2013/08/rostows. jpg)   Urban geography is the study of urban spaces and urban waysof being.

“ Urban geography seeks to explain the distribution of towns andcities and the socio-spatial similarities and contrasts that exist between andwithin them’ (Pacione 2009: 3) In urban geography there are two main approaches, firstly the study of systems in the city (intermetropolitan) this considers therelationship among a group of cities. Secondly study of the city as a system(intrametropolitan) this highlights internal arrangements of humans, activatesand institutions. The study of urban cities has shown there has been an exponentialrise in the amount of people moving to urban areas and away from rural areas. Thisincrease in density of people in a small city area comes with seriousoverpopulation issues. The study of human geography allows us to predict issueslike this and it allows us to prepare and try and rectify the problem. As morepeople want to move to urban areas the demand increases, as a result of thisrents and prices of accommodation and housing increase. This can lead to gentrification; this is the transformation of poor urban neighbourhoods into more affluentneighbourhoods. As the rents increase the original residents are forced to moveaway.

An example of this is seen in London, Shoreditch in East London. Shoreditchis known as a creative unique area in London full of artists and designers. However, as it is so close to the financial district it is becoming more upscale andfinancial based, forcing residents out of their homes creating them unto offices. This lead to rioting by locals and the “ Cereal killer café” was vandalized.

The way we experience cities is unique for everyone, somepeople usually experience others view it differently. ‘ we find alternative mapsand views of the city, and can connect a range of senses to urban life and toan unconventional conception of policies'(Cloke. P Crang. P Goodwin. M. 2005).

Urbangeography can benefit us it can give us a better appreciation of the economicsof urban cities and this allows us to identify the structure involved in local, national, and international financial growth in an a world where globalizationis increasingly important.  It can provide us with a framework forconceptualizing urbanism in conjunction with an appreciation of history and therelationships among art, culture, and society. urban geography can help usunderstand, analyze, and interpret the landscapes and communities of cities andmetropolitan areas around the world. In fact, urban geography is arguably oneof the most important subdisciplines within geography, and especially withinhuman geography.    ‘ Leisure is … best seen as time overwhich an individual exercises choice and in which that individual undertakesactivities in a free, voluntary way.

‘ (C. Michael Hall and Page. S 2014) Freetime when you are not in work, education or carrying out necessary domestic behavioursand compulsory activities, for example sleeping and eating. There are threebasic ways of thinking about leisure. Firstly, as (non-work) time, this meansyou are relating leisure to work. It is a specific measure of time that you arefree from other obligations such as work. However, you can ‘ side hustle’ whenyou enjoy a activity so you do it in your free time for economic benefit. This bringsme onto the next form of leisure which is as an activity which are specificactivities which an individual chose to do in their free time.

These can be beneficialsuch as going to the gym or playing football this improves heath. However, youcould be taking drugs or drinking which reduces your health. Thirdly there is leisureas an experience, this is the idea of choice. Leisure is something we chose todo during which we can make a choice in how to spend it, its self-determined. However, no leisure experience is ever really free from communal, environmental orresource constraints.

This is unique as leisure is always changing as we arehaving more holidays and more leisure time than we use to, plus the types of activateswe do have change for example 30 years ago for leisure you would read a book, nowadayspeople watch TV or play video games.  Thereis also more opportunity for leisure activates because of the increase in availabilityof sports clubs and attractions. Moreover, we are more connected to leisure dueto online and transport links so individuals