ARPANETcreated in 1969 to help scientists communicate and share computer resources. UCLA, Stanford, u of utah, and u of cal santa barbara
NSF networkcreated in 1985 to create a larger network. Connected multiple LANS, not just mainframes. Created an internet (different than the Internet)
primitive command-line user interfacessend e-mail, transfer files, run scientific calculations on Internet supercomputers, difficult to use with limited access
new user friendly internet toolsintroduced in 1990s, internet accounts became available, monthly subscription fee
the Internetnot owned or operated by any single corporation or government
Internet backbonea network of high capacity communications links. Provides the main routes for data traffic across the Internet. Backbone links and routers- maintained by Network Service Providers
NAPs (Network access points)link and connect NSP equipment
ISP (Internet service provider)a company that offers Internet access to individuals, businesses, and smaller ISPs
modemhow you communicate with an ISP. communications device such as a modem
static IP addresspermanently assigned
dynamic IP addresstemporarily assigned
domain namea key component of web page addresses and email addresses
latencyelapsed time for data to make a round trip from point A to point B and back to point A. Ping and traceroute
asymmetric internet connectionwhen upstream speeds differ from downstream speeds
symmetric internet connectionwhen upstream and downstream speeds are the same
internet connection optionsfixed, portable, and mobile
dial up connectionfixed internet connection, uses a voiceband modem and telephone lines to transport data between your computer and your ISP
Voiceband modemconverts computer signals into audible analog signals that can travel over telephone lines. Speed is measured in bits per second
DSL connectionhigh speed, digital, always on connection, runs over standard phone lines. Speed varies
cable connectionhigh speed, always on connection, uses the same infrastructure as the cable television service
cable modemconvert computer signals into those that can travel over the CATV network
DOCSIS compliant cable modemssecures your computer from your neighbors
satellite internet servicehigh speed, always on, asymmetric, broadcasts signals to and from a personal satellite dish
satellite modemmodulates computer data signals into a frequency band to carry to the satellite dish. Satellite dish converts signals to another frequency, amplifies, and transmits
fixed wireless internet servicebroadcasts signals to offer internet access to large areas, always on, high speed
WiMAXmost well known fixed wireless standard. Transmits data to and from WiMAX antennas mounted on towers. Transmit data at 70 mbps
portable internet accessthe ability to easily move your internet service from one location to another
mobile internet accessoffers a continuous internet connection as you are walking or riding in a bus, car, train, or plane
wifi hotspotan area in which the public can access a wifi network that offers internet service. does not typically provide acceptable mobile internet access
portable WiMAXinternet acess is available to subscribers anywhere within a tower’s coverage. you use the same ISP whether you are at home or on the road. limited coverage
mobile WiMAXup and coming standard
WAP (wireless application protocol)provides internet access from handheld devices
wireless modemsprovides broadband data access by cellular service providers
cloud computingapps and data are available anytime, anywhere, on any device. Depends on a grid of servers, storage devices and protocols. SaaS
VoIP (voice over internet protocol)communication technology, a broadband internet connection is used to place telephone calls instead of the regular phone system
asynchronous types of communicationinternet forum, wiki, blog, tweet
grid computing systema network of computers harnessed together to perform processing tasks
distributed gridspecial type of grid where users voluntarily donate processing power to the grid. [email protected] project.
FTPfile transfer protocol. Rules to transfer files from one computer to another over any TCP/IP network
file sharingaka P2P file sharing, allows users to obtain files from other users located anywhere on the Internet
BitTorrentfile sharing protocol. Distributes the role of file server across a collection of dispersed computers
intrusionany access to data or programs by hackers, criminals, or other unauthorized persons
communications portdoorway that allows a computer to exchange data with other devices
port probeuses automated software to locate computers that have open ports and are vulnerable to unauthorized access
firewallsoftware or hardware designed to filter out suspicious packets attempting to enter or leave a computer
NAT (Network address translation)process router uses to keep track of packets and their corresponding private or public IP addresses
VPNhow you can create a secure connection for remote users. Employees who need access are given instructions, addresses, and passwords to make connections
