Stages of cognitive developmentPrimitive stage (0-2)Elementary mental functionsVygotsky claimed that infants are born with the basic materials/abilities for intellectual development.
Sensation
Perception
Attention
Memory
ONVYGOTSKY (SOCIAL-CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT) SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowHigher mental functionsThrough interaction within the sociocultural environment, these elementary functions are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes/strategies.
Graphological skills
Abstract thinking
Problem solving
Oral and written language
Zone of proximal development (1978)Range of tasks that are slightly too difficult for a child to do alone but can be accomplished with guidance from an adult. More knowledgeable otherThe person who has a better understanding than the learner with respect to a particular task or concept. ScaffoldingGuided learning where the MKO structures a learning encounter with a child, leading the child through the steps. InternalisationGradual internalisation of interpersonal exchanges, children move from:
1) Completing task in interaction with adult (imitation)
2) Completing task independently with considerable self talking (ego-centric speech)
3) Completing tasks independently with NO SELF TALK (ingrowth stage)
Cultural mediation of developmentVygotsky sees cognitive functions as socio-culturally determined.
They are affected by beliefs and values of the culture in which a person develops.
Through interaction, knowledge is gained and responses reflect the shared culture. Tools of intellectual adpatationAllow children to use the basic mental function more effectively and these are culturally determined.