The history of the nursing administration nursing essay

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, implications, recommendations and limitation of the study.

6. 1 SUMMARY

Adolescence is a crucial period of biological and psychological changes for both boys and girls. The need to recognize adolescents as a vulnerable target group and develop strategies for promotion of adolescent health is emphasized. Interpersonal relationship (e. g. family and peers), physical environmental or community settings (e. g. schools) and societal (e. g. mass media, social, and cultural norms) environment are important factors that contribute to the vulnerability of adolescents. Keeping that in view the investigator had undertaken the present study to assess the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on knowledge and attitude regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls, Madhanur, Vellore District.

6. 1. 1 The objectives of the study were

To assess the pre and posttest level of knowledge and attitude on reproductive health among Adolescent girls. To assess the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on knowledge and attitude among Adolescent girls. To correlate the mean differed knowledge score with attitude score on reproductive health among adolescent girls. To associate the mean differed knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables

6. 1. 2 The null hypothesis formulated were

NH1 – There is no significant difference between pre test and post test level of knowledge and attitude on reproductive health among adolescent girls. NH2 – There is no significant correlation between the mean differed knowledge score with attitude score on reproductive health among adolescent girls. NH3 – There is no significant association of mean differed knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables.

6. 1. 3 The study was based on the assumptions that

Adolescent girls are prone for reproductive health problems. Adolescent girls have some knowledge and attitude regarding reproductive health. Formal training might be required for the adolescent girls to undertaken the role of peer educator. The investigator has done in depth review of literature which included both theoretical and empirical related studies and statistics which provided a strong foundation for the study. The extensive review of literature, investigator, professional experience and expert guidance from the field of community health nursing helped the investigator as the basis for the selection of the problem during the methodology and formation of the tool and to select the tool for data collection and conceptual framework. The conceptual framework for the study was based on Integrated Model Based On Kurt Lewin’s Change Model And Evaluation Model Of Stuffle Beam which provided a comprehensive framework for evaluating the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on Reproductive health among adolescent girls and this model helps to evaluate the process of the study at each step. The researcher adopted a pre experimental design to assess the knowledge and attitude of the reproductive health among adolescent girls. The study was conducted among adolescent girls aged (13-19 yrs) at Government higher secondary school Madhanur. 100 samples were selected by means of referent sampling adolescent educators, by using non probability purposive sampling. The investigator developed the tool consisted of demographic variables. Structured questionnaire to assess the pre and post test level of knowledge and 5 point likert scale was used to assess the pre and post test level of attitude. A brief introduction was given to the adolescent girls before conducting the pretest. Pre test was conducted for 100 adolescent girls. Among 10 adolescent girls those who satisfy the criteria checklist of the investigator were selected as a adolescent educators. They were undergone the training on reproductive health module by the investigator and post test was conducted. Among that those who attained the adequate knowledge and attitude were selected to give the teaching for adolescent girls. The adolescent girls were undertake the teaching by adolescent educators on reproductive health and post test was conducted after the training. The legal and ethical aspects of the research was maintained throughout the study by getting formal permission from the authorities and informed consent from the participants of the study. The pilot study was conducted at Gudiyatham and it was found practicable and feasible to proceed with main study. The content validity was obtained from the experts. The reliability of the structure knowledge questionnaire was established by test re test method. Where the r value was r = 0. 91 and split half method was used to confirm the reliability of the attitude scale r value was r = 0. 85 which showed the high reliability for both tools of knowledge and attitude. The data was collected by personal interview schedule. The data was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objectives of the study and hypothesis to be tested. Parameters used were mean, standard deviation, paired ‘ t’ test, Karl Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficient, Chi-square test.

6. 1. 4 The major findings of the study revealed that

The findings of the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on knowledge revealed that the ‘ t’ value was 22. 917, which was highly significant at p <0. 001 level. The result of the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on attitude revealed that the ‘ t’ value was 24. 372, which was highly significant at p <0. 001. Hence the null hypothesis was rejected. The correlation of mean improvement of knowledge score with attitude score revealed that there was a moderately positive correlation with ‘ r’ value (0. 343) at p <0. 001 level. Hence the null hypothesis was rejected. The association of mean improvement level of knowledge with selected demographic variables were " age in years" and " educational status of the students" had shown statistically highly significant association at p <0. 001. The other demographic variables had no statistically significant association of mean improved knowledge score on reproductive health among adolescent girls. The analysis of association of mean differed attitude score with the demographic variable religion had shown statistically significant association at p <0. 05 level. The other demographic variables had no statistically significant association . Hence the null hypothesis NH3 stated earlier that " there is no significant association between mean differed knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables rejected for the above two variables and accepted for other demographic variables.

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6. 2 CONCLUSION

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adolescent to adolescent approach on knowledge and attitude among adolescent girls. The study concluded that there was a significant improvement of knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls in post test through adolescent to adolescent approach. The results showed that the appropriate was an effective tool to improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls regarding reproductive health.

6. 3 IMPLICATIONS

The investigator has drawn the following implications from the study, which is vital concern in the field of Nursing practice, Nursing Administration, Nursing Education and Nursing Research.

6. 3. 1 Nursing Practice

The community has a vital role to work with adolescent girls to build their knowledge, understanding and informed decision-making in relation to their reproductive health. Utilize the findings of the study to plan regular and periodic health education sessions for adolescent girls in community health centres regarding reproductive health. Implement mass educational programme on reproductive health awareness. Community health nurse should Possess professional responsibility in educating adolescent girls that encompass teaching, counseling and clinical roles.

6. 3. 2 Nursing Education

Post graduate diploma course in ” reproductive health” should be included as a clinical specialization for nurses. Nursing curriculum should include the sex education topics, so that the student nurses are trained to educate the public by using adolescent to adolescent approach. Conduct seminars, workshops and conferences for students regarding recent advancement in reproductive health in order to provide up to date information to enhance their knowledge. Encourage Nursing students for effective utilization of research based practice in various aspects of reproductive health.

6. 3. 3 Nursing Administration

The nurse administrator within the community or society should: Make the staff to carry out periodical reproductive surveillance and present an updated epidemiological picture of reproductive health in the community. Conduct CNE based on issues related to reproductive health. Incorporate the findings of the study to plan training programme for health personnel to promote reproductive health services. Collaborate with governing bodies to create policies and mobilize resources, create coalition with non Governmental organizations in order to create awareness regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls. Attend training programmes on preparation of programmed learning modules, study guides, independent learning activities for infertile couples. Organize reproductive health clinics in Hospitals and Community Health Centers for every week.

6. 3. 4 Nursing Research

As a nurse researcherDisseminate the findings of the study through conferences, seminars and by publishing in journals and websites. Promote more research in awareness and other aspects of reproductive health. Utilize evidence and research findings in planning, implementing and evaluating reproductive health.

6. 4 RECOMMENDATIONS

The investigator recommends the Omayal Achi Community health centre to use this approach during the school health programme to train the adolescent girls. The reproductive health module can be implemented as a regular programme for adolescent girls at Omayal Achi Community Health Centre and in various primary health centers to improve their level of knowledge and to create favorable attitude regarding reproductive health. The student nurses can use this adolescent to adolescent approach for health education of reproductive health in various settings… Educational package regarding reproductive health awareness can be implemented in all colleges and hospitals. The study recommends the following for future research: Similar study can be replicated on a larger sample to increase the validity and generalizability of findings. A comparative study regarding knowledge and attitude of reproductive health between urban and rural community can be conducted. A prevalence study on reproductive health problems can be conducted in a larger setting. A prospective study can be conducted to assess the treatment seeking behavior of adolescent girls after the training programme on reproductive health.

6. 5 LIMITATIONS

The adolescent girls were not willing to participate as a sample for the study due to their shyness. The adolescent girls hesitated to reveal the previous knowledge regarding reproductive health and they were not interested to learn about male reproductive system.