Summries

Summary The chapter s that during the World War training was performed on a grassy firing scale containing a bull’s eye target. Soldiers were then given feedback about their shots. It is asserted that modern training employs operant conditioning to cultivate a firing characteristic in the soldier. Also, positive reinforcement is used when the soldiers’ hits are exchanged for marksmanship badges containing either a form of privilege or reward (Grossman 177). It is also stated that conventional training has been modified into a combat stimulator. According to Richard Holmes, an army trained using traditional World War II methods is ineffective compared to the one using modern training methods. The significance of modern training can also be witnessed in the 1970’s Rhodesian war (Grossman 178). It is also stated that the new loss of associates and adored leaders in war can cause violence on the battlefield. The chapter explains that 2% of males will execute without remorse or regret if forced or given a valid reason (Grossman 180). Also, Marshall’s World War II figure of a 15-20% firing rate complement’s the 2% figure. Dyer’s World War II figure of 1% of U. S Army Air Corps fighters being responsible for 40% of deaths is seen to be general in keeping with the 2% figure. The DSM-III-R also states that the incidence of anti-social personality disorder among American male is almost 3%. Despite not being usually used in armies, armies have succeeded in using psychopaths in war. It is stated that both genetics and environmental processes contribute to aggression. Finally, Carl Jung claims that archetypes can motivate people by channeling their libidinal energy (Grossman 184).
Work Cited
Grossman, D. On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. New York: Back Bay Books, 2009. Print.