- Published: September 27, 2022
- Updated: September 27, 2022
- University / College: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- Level: Masters
- Language: English
- Downloads: 19
Sovereignty history Sovereignty which refers to the superlative power in a political society, its contemporary meaning, was introduced by Jean Bodin in the year1576. The derivation of popular sovereignty, in contrast, goes mainly directly back to what is dubbed the school of social in the mid 1600s-1700s. Popular sovereignty is the concept that no decree or law is legitimate except it rests openly or obliquely on the sanction of the persons concerned. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), John Locke (1632-1704), and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), were the most central members of the school of the social contract. They all proposed that the society nature, whatsoever its derivations, was a contractual understanding between its affiliates. The present concept of sovereignty is frequently tracked down back to Westphalia Peace in the year 1648. In relation to states, it codified the necessary principles, including integrity of territories, inviolability of borders, state supremacy, and the notion that a sovereign is the superlative legislator of power within its jurisdiction (Agnew, 2009). The war that lasted thirty years was put to a stop by the Westphalia Peace which was acknowledged as the peace of exhaustion by generations. The war did influence the signing of numerous treaties commonly connected by the reality that they did put to an end the thirty years war. The war resulted in the enforcement of negotiations in abridging the differences between states that had surfaced due to the war. Deliberations did happen among the countries that were involved in the thirty years war (Agnew, 2009). Peace was the significant outcome that was achieved in the long run by the numerous negotiations that were carried out. Power was stripped off from Ferdinand III and consequently taken back to the imperial states rulers.
Impact of World War I on foreign policy
United States
At the end of the World War I, the U. S. foreign policy was fundamentally isolationist. The U. S became cautious of entering the League of Nations, a concept that had been championed by the U. S President. U. S utmost concern of joining the League was that the affiliates would entrust America and probably it troops to conflicts in the European region. The World War I was among the numerous wars that had occurred in the europ0ean region. The U. S also had an economic policy of barriers of trade (Kagan, 2008) The U. S committed to defending infant industries by means of trade constraints and tariffs. A major impact on the foreign policy of the U. S was that it closed its doors to the rest of the world.
Germany
Germany developed a foreign policy with intended for integration of ethnic Germans staying outside the boarders of Germany. Germany did also carry out a policy of revisionist that was intended to overcome the bans placed on Germany by the Versailles Treaty. Germany developed strong bonds to Japan and Fascist Italy by agreeing to a pact which was designed to fight international communism (Kagan, 2008). Germany also consented to a pact that was a tentative deviation from its usual Anti-Communist foreign policy, so as to have the freedom to attack Poland, without apprehension of intervention by the Soviet.
Russia
Russian leader, Lenin, convened communist widespread in the world to come together against capitalism. Russia had an agreement with Poland regarding the states of Baltic, Germany, Scandinavia, and Italy, swapping trade for an assurance not to impede in the domestic matters of these states. A drastic change in the line of communism was necessitated by an agreement reached between Stalin and Hitler (Kagan, 2008). It was imperative for liberals to be denounced by the communists as foes. The foreign policy was a serious avenue in the road to the war that did erupt thereafter in the year 1939.
References
Agnew, J. (2009) Globalization and sovereignty. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Kagan, R. (2008). The return of history and the end of dreams. New York: Knopf.