Pathophysiology & osteoporosis treatment

Overview

In general definition, pathophysiology is described as the study of “ the abnormal physiological processes that cause or are associated with disease or injury.” As such, it essentially includes a progression of steps that assistance lead medicinal services experts to test, analyze and treat an ailment. This vital and critical procedure is useful to nurses in the sense that it helps them to be able to understand, utilize and come up with the right treatment plans in their professional practice of ensuring that patients are taken care of in the best manner possible to get back their health as anticipated.

The main stages that entail the pathophysiological process include: disease and etiology which is essentially the efforts made to establish the cause, or the manner in which an illness or condition was brought about; making observations of the signs and symptoms exhibited as a result of the patient’s condition; delving into doing investigations and diagnosis; prescribing and doing the prospective treatment and finally carrying out the prognosis process which is all about making educated predictions based on the treatment process about the patient’s possibility of recovering from the illness or survival. Pathophysiology likewise works as an inseparable unit with practical-based practice, where human services specialists audit and break down ebb and flow rehearses that might be enhanced by the consideration of new research.

Pathophysiological to Ms. Marley’s Presentation (Osteoporosis)

Ms. Marley suffers from Osteoporosis which is “ a condition of skeletal fragility characterized by reduced bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in risk of fracture” and the reality of the occurrence of this risk sparked a twist to the way that she ought to be taken through medical procedures to regain her health. Bone upkeep is a sensitive business. In grown-ups, every day evacuation of little measures of bone mineral, a procedure called resorption, must be adjusted by an equivalent statement of new mineral if bone quality is to be protected.

At the point when this equalization tips toward unreasonable resorption, bones debilitate (osteopenia) and after some time can end up being weak and inclined to break (osteoporosis). Age is a factor that will come in handy in the pathophysiological process in this case since Ms. Marley’s age places her at a stage where she is more vulnerable to suffer a higher tendency to fall; moderate postural reflexes which cause a man to fall so as to strike defenseless hard parts (for example, tumbling to the side); loss of delicate tissue security over hard prominences; the aggregation of hard material with lessened quality, either naturally when framed or because of remodeled weakness harm; and the loss of basic trabecular availability. The investigations and diagnosis procedure under the pathophysiological process will seek to determine the intricacies of the fractured right neck of femur that resulted from the fall. That will aid in the provision of the most prospective support to be recommendation for her for the recovery.

Further, pathophysiology in relation to the wound healing would certainly take a procedure that will over time, and it will be prudent for Ms. Marley to be aware of them as she awaits her full restoration of health. Wound healing is an unpredictable procedure that can be partitioned into no less than three consistent and covering forms: a provocative response, a proliferative procedure prompting tissue reclamation, and, in the long run, tissue rebuilding (Slavin & Halloran, 2002). Wound recuperating forms are entirely directed by various development components and cytokines discharged at the injury site. In spite of the fact that the attractive last consequence of composed mending would be the development of tissue with a comparable structure and similar capacities likewise with unblemished skin, recovery is extraordinary; recuperating anyway results in a basically and practically acceptable yet not indistinguishable result. Alterations that disturb controlled healing procedures would expand tissue harm and repair. The pathobiologic states may prompt constant or nonhealing wounds or excessive fibrosis (Li, Chen & Kirsner, 2007).

Ms. Marley’s involvement in her Care –Person-Centered Approach

Osteoporosis is the loss of calcium and different minerals from a man’s bones, which makes the bones powerless to cracking (breaking). As such, the treatment needs to be taken cautiously, paying keen attention to the minutest of details that would affect the healing process. In this case, it should be noted that Ms. Marley will be required to be cooperatively work with the medic to ensure that the healing process is facilitated in the right manner, without possibilities of initiating side effects that might make the situation worse in the time to come in the future. It should be noted that physiologically, bones are made out of calcium phosphate salts (65%) for hardness, and a collagen lattice (35%), for adaptability. In the event that a bone is set in a corrosive shower and all the calcium is expelled from it, leaving only the collagen grid, when subjected to pressure it will twist, not break.

From the AOL “ communication” by Ms. Marley, she is very determined to get healed as soon as possible so that she might get back to her normal duties. This can however be retarded if she rushes the process and not get the right procedure of getting all together again. It will be imperative to assess the extent of her fracture and thus her capability to contain some level of activity and involvement in the process of healing. In order to strengthen her bones again, she will need to start doing exercise. Exercises solve a million factors that lead to the causal or acceleration of osteoporosis. Exercise can likewise moderate the rate of bone misfortune, which diminishes the danger of breaks from osteoporosis. Exercise likewise conveys different advantages to individuals who have osteoporosis or need to forestall osteoporosis. These incorporate lessened requirement for a few solutions that can add to the danger of falls, and better administration of other medical issues ( Holland et al., 2013).

After her discharge from the Sub-Acute Rehabilitation Unit, Ms. Marley would want to pay attention to her diet as well, even as she endeavors to start on an exercise plan that’s consistent with the doctor’s recommendation emanating from the results of the diagnosis and treatment. She would also want to avoid alcoholic drinks, acidic diet and taking food that is deficient of calcium and copper deregulations. Hearing impairments will be improvement by acquiring hearing aids or cochlear implants and do more medical checkups that will enable to get the information she needs on taking care of the situation accordingly without it causing further impairment to her system.

Nursing Care and Rationale

Ms. Marley’s condition is one that calls for a comprehensive treatment procedure that will not only subdue the effects of the injury incurred but to restore the right body condition that will be capable to enduring difficulty and be less vulnerable to other conditions related to osteoporosis and hypertension. The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model for Nursing will be utilized in this case to see to it that the healing process is procedural and responsive to the submission to the right living conditions. In essence, the reason for the hypothesis is as an evaluation utilized all through the patient’s consideration. In the United Kingdom, where the model is widespread, it has been diminished to being utilized basically as an agenda. Usually used to evaluate how the life of a patient has changed because of sickness, injury, or admission to a doctor’s facility instead of as a method for anticipating expanding independence and quality of life. The model often focuses on essential activities of living such as breathing, eating, controlling body temperature, mobilizing, sleeping and fulfilling safety and security needs ( Holland et al., 2013). In Ms. Marley’s case, we focus on three ALs; maintaining a safe environment, mobilizing, and sleeping.

Maintaining a Safe Environment

For patients prone to suffer from osteoporosis like Ms. Marley, injury can certainly be catastrophic and since a fall would be more likely prompt in major fractures to the patient. Maintaining a safe environment is therefore very vital in order that the effects of probable harmful environment do not affect the patient to the extent that they will suffer immense damage on their bodies. Ms. Marley will want to consider taking care of what they consume and the place where they physically spend their time in. The patient suffering from osteoporosis and hypertension is much safer if they avoid acidic food and consume food sufficient of calcium content so that they do not suffer the weakness that results from their unparalleled quantities in the body accordingly. Ms. Marley ought to eat well and ensure that she does not walk on a surface where her balance capabilities are incapacitated and thus more likely to fall and suffer a fracture.

Further, the safe physical environment such as a field of grass in the countryside will offer a suitable platform to do exercise helpful for health improvement such as walking, jogging, jumping rope and more. Safety of this kind will come in handy in ensuring that healing is improved and prevention of the recurrence of the condition enhanced. Osteoporosis is ordinarily the aftereffect of a wrong way of life such as eating less carbs, physical dormancy, smoke, dental cleanliness, intestinal dysbiosis; and natural poisonous quality which fortify the unending articulation of incendiary qualities and adjust the immuno-endocrine equalization. A characteristic approach should confront every one of the components included, driving her to wind up mindful of her own duty, and helping them with common treatments, sound sustenance and way of life which bolster their body during the time spent self-healing. Sleeping.

Osteoporosis, as every degenerative disease, “ should be assessed considering the complexity and multifactorial causals and the therapeutic approach should therefore take into account the many factors involved” (Bartolozzi, 2015). As such, sleep is one natural way that a patient such as Ms. Marley can be able to mitigate the effects of the condition in her body. According to a study published in 2015 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that people over age 50 who routinely dozed less than six hours a night had a considerably expanded danger of osteoporosis. Most grown-ups require seven to eight long stretches of rest to stir invigorated; on the off chance that you can remain caution through 20 minutes of C-SPAN, you’re presumably getting enough.

The strength of the bones are to a very extent influenced by the amount of sleep an individual such as Ms. Marley gets on a daily basis. Ms. Marley will do herself a disservice if she endeavors to deprive herself good night sleep since it is a vital part in building her bones and the general well-being. Research by the Better Bones revealed that Diminished rest term was related with bring down bone thickness in moderately aged and more seasoned ladies in a single Chinese examination. Obstructive rest apnea, with its loss of rest and oxygen hardship, debilitates bone. An ongoing Taiwanese investigation observed the occurrence of osteoporosis to be 2. 7 times higher among those with rest apnea. Sleep deprivation was related with a 52% expanded danger of osteoporosis in an ongoing Norwegian examination.

In animal models absence of rest was found to end new bone development, because cell harm, and deliver unusual bone marrow, all liable to be related with poor bone repair (Brown, 2016). As a matter of fact, ongoing sleep deficiency will lead to a linkage to heart disease and hypertension which Ms. Marley already has thus add to more complications that night worsen her situation. On the other hand, sufficient sleep helps in the restoration of the body cells and rebuilding of the body tissues, as well as by extension to the bones. She should endeavor in getting enough rest for a reasonable period that will her regenerate and have a more built body to tackle the daily challenges. Certain medicinal conditions have been connected to rest issue. These conditions incorporate heart disappointment, coronary illness, weight, diabetes, hypertension, stroke or transient ischemic assault (mild stroke), misery, and consideration deficiency hyperactivity issue (ADHD). As such, since hypertension can be linked to osteoporosis in Ms. Marley’s case, she will have to guard her hours of sleep for the restoration of her body as a result of having sufficient sleep.

Mobilization

Despite the short anticipated period that Ms. Marley would want to get back home after the surgery, it is certain that it will take some time before she heals from the surgery. As such, mobilization after surgery ought to be taken very cautiously so that healing takes place the fastest manner possible. The point of consideration after medical procedure for hip crack is to get individuals securely recovered and strolling once more. At first, individuals might be requested to rest in informal lodging weight bearing. At that point different methodologies to enhance versatility, including step retraining and exercise programs are utilized amid clinic remain and frequently after release from healing center.

As it were, the difficulty of getting solid obsession in osteoporotic bone introduces a test to the specialist that has been partially addressed by newer implants with screws that directly engage the plate, creating fixed angle bolts that have better fixation in osteoporotic bone. Mobility will be affected and therefore calls for a more deliberate effort made towards ensuring that healing is enhanced so that she is able to carry out her activities meant to restore her health in a less disruptive environment in terms of what needs to be taken care of first before adequate affirmation can be given to try the exercises. In terms of getting injuries on the areas where surgery was done, she may find that she has a smidgen of yellowish liquid originating from her entry point for the surgery. This is typical.

There is no compelling reason to change her dressing any more every now and again than what her specialist informed on the grounds that with respect to it. The edges may likewise be somewhat red or wounded. In the event that she finds that her cut agony isn’t dying down a couple of days after medical procedure, or she sees discharge and a scent originating from the site, she may have built up a disease. And therefore, mobility is much affected to the extent that the drawer is doing so legally and with the right details confirmed. She may consider not doing activities that are likely to worsen the condition the way she is. Dependent upon the sort of medical procedure and the area of your cut, you will presumably be portable inside several days.

In case you’re recuperating alone, make sure to relax. Try not to climb stairs the initial couple of days after medical procedure. She would prefer not to strain yourself, and in case she’s on torment pharmaceuticals your parity might be off. Before you have your medical procedure, put all that you may requirement for the initial couple of days in an effectively open area to make sure that you don’t need to move around a considerable measure. No one appreciates having medical procedure, yet you can welcome this opportunity to unwind after medical procedure. She can try not to overexert herself, and ensure she takes legitimate consideration of her cut site to guarantee appropriate injury recuperating.

References:

1. Bartolozzi, E. (2015). The natural approach to osteoporosis. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab, Vol. 12 (2).
2. Brown, S. E. (2016, January 8). Better Bones. Retrieved September 26, 2018, from Betterbones. com: https://www. betterbones. com/bone-health-basics/new-research-on-sleep-and-bones/
3. John P Slavin, C. M. (2002). Pathophysiology of Wound Healing. PlumX Metrics, Volume 20, Issue 5, Li J1, C. J. (2007). Pathophysiology of acute wound healing. Clin Dermatol.
4. Linda Z HollandEmail author, J. E.-K. (2013). Evolution of bilaterian central nervous systems: a single origin? EvoDevo.