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Essay, 6 pages (1400 words)

Lit2020 final

Narratologythe study of narrative (story)Focalizationhow we see the world the story takes place inZero Focalizationnarrator > characternarrator is outside the storyworld and knows what goes through everyones mindInternal Focalizationnarrator = characternarrator is the key character in the storyknows what goes on in the narrators mindExternal Focalizationnarrator < character narrator only hears and sees what the characters do or say does not know what goes on in anyones mindstory world-the world the story takes place in-can be a lot like the world we live in-does not physically existPoint of View (3)Narrator: who speaks (not the author)Reflector: who sees (characters)Narratee: who hears (not the reader)Narrative Distancegap between narrator and charactersmany forms: identity, timeTemporal Narrative Distancecharacter is younger than the narratorPlot vs. Storystory is about sequence (“ and” & “ then”)plot is about causation (“ but” & “ therefore”/” because”)motifrepeated element, idea, type of interaction, image, piece of dialogue, languageMetafictionwork that draws attention to its status as an artifact (fictional artifacts within a fictional story)Flat vs Round charactersround – dynamic, changes/has the opportunity to changeflat- static, doesn’t changeMimesis“ showing” driven by dialogue and actionwatching something happen real timeaction densetime moves realisticallyDiegesis“ telling” driven by narrationsummativeinformation dense: you can learn a lot about a character from one sentencetime is compressedexpositionexpositiondevice used to introduce background information about events, settings, and characters“ What You Pawn I Will Redeem” Sherman Alexiecharacters: Jackson JacksonJuniorRose of SharonPawn Shop OwnerOfficer WilliamsSummary: a homeless alcoholic tries to buy his grandmother’s native dancing regaliaTheme: imperfection“ The Sun, The Moon, The Stars” Junot Diazcharacters: MagdalenaCassandraYuniorLucyVPBarbaroSummary: Yunior and Magda are dating but he cheats on her with Cassandra and then books a vacation to try to make it up to her“ Good Country People” Flannery O’connorcharacters: Mrs. FreemanMrs. HopewellJoy (Hulga)GlyneseBible salesmanSummary: Joy, a disabled girl is seduced by a bible salesman. He takes her peg leg and glasses and leaves her stranded“ A Temporary Matter” Jhumpa Lahriricharacters: shoba & shukumarsummary: they’re a married couple who tries to rekindle their relationship by telling secrets when their power is out. They had previously had a dead baby.“ Battle Royal” Ralph Ellisoncharacters: grandfatherexotic dancernarrator- socially invisible mansuperintendentSummary: young black man was invited to give a speech. they made him fight other black guys and endure extreme embarrassment before giving his speech. He was awarded with a scholarship“ The Appropriation of Cultures” Percival Everettcharacters: Daniel BarkleySarahTravisBarbSummary: Daniel overcomes racial injustice by embracing the confederate flag as a symbol of black power“ After Cowboy Chicken Came to Town” Ha Jincharacters: peterMr. ShapiroBaishaManyouFeilanHongwen (narrator)Summary: Hongwen and 4 others work at a fast food restaurant in china. When they find out that peter, their boss gets paid more, they attempt to go on strike, but get fired instead.“ Never Marry a Mexican” Sandra CisnerosCharacters: Clemencia (narrator)XimenaDrewMeganSummary: Clemencia is in love with Drew, who is married to Megan. Clemencia sleeps with drew and then later on , his son.“ LouLou; or, the domestic life of the language” Margaret Atwoodcharacters: Lou-LouBobPhilMarilynSummary: Lou Lou is a ceramist with multiple husbands, but she sleeps with her accountant. She’s trying to figure out who she is“ The Glass Graduate” Miguel De CervantesCharacters: Thomas Rodaja (Glasscase)Summary: Thomas went mad after he was poisoned by a girl and believed his body was made of glass. He became very intellectual and gave interesting responses. He was cured 2 years later by a monk“ Pierre Mendard, Author of the Quixote” Jorge Luis BorgesBorges is writing about how Menard rewrote Quixote, which was originally written by cervantes“ The real thing” Henry JamesCharacters: MajorMrs. MonarchOronteMiss ChurmSummary: The monarchs compete with oronte and miss churm as models. Narrator gets rid of monarchs in the end. Theme: appearance v reality, pride v shame, essence of truth“ That evening Sun” William Faulknercharacters: nancyjesuscaddyjasonmr. stovallquentin (narrator)summary: nancy is the help for a family. She is afraid jesus, her husband, is going to kill her because she is pregnant with a white mans baby.“ The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World” Gabriel Garcia Marquezcharacters: women and men in the villageEstebanSummary: Estebans body floats up to the shore of the village and the villagers have an elaborate funeral for the large man and assign him family members“ Recitatif” Toni Morrisoncharacters: MaryRobertaTwyla (narrator)Big Bozo (mrs. itkin)Maggiejamesjosephsummary: two girls in orphanage together, run into each other late in life, they both get married, they protest the school bussing on different sides, see each other at the diner on new years and apologize. theme: maggie reminded both the girls of their mothers“ In A Far Country” Jack Londoncharacters: Carter weatherbeePercy CuthfertJaques Baptistesummary: Weatherbee and Cuthfert go on a gold rush escapade but are both lazy and stay in a cabin. They are both afflicted by frostbite. Weatherbee sees dead people and Cuthfert felt alone in the abyss. Weatherbee ends up killing Cuthfert with an axe because he ate his sugar. Theme: fear of the north“ My Old Man” Ernest HemingwayCharacters: JoeGeorge GardnerKzarJoe’s dad (Butler)summary: joe’s dad is a jockey who dies in a hose race. Many men disliked him because he used insiders to bet on the horses and make money.“ The Idea” Raymond Carvercharacters: narratorvernguy who looks in the windowssummary: narrator and her husband Vern spy on a guy who likes to watch his wife undress from outside their house“ CivilWarLand In Bad Decline” George Saunderscharacters: narratorMr. Alsuga (boss)McKinnon family (ghosts)SamuelEvelyn (wife)summary: narrator works at civil war themed theme park with a lot of gang activity. Samuel is hired to keep the gang activity down and goes on a killing spree. Narrator gets fired, his wife leaves him, and he gets murdered by Samuel.“ Yellow Woman” Leslie Marmon Silkocharacters: silvayellow womancowboysummary: the yellow woman awakens next to silva, the mountain spirit. He kidnaps her for a couple days and they have sex (rape?) When on the way to sell meat, they get stopped by a cowboy and yellow woman runs away from silva and back to her village and family(the story explains how exogamous/matrilineal cultures work)“ The Mark on the Wall” Virginia Woolfcharacters: narratorsummary: the narrator sees a mark on the wall across the room and instead of getting up to look at it, she just goes over various scenarios in his/her head of what it could be. Very philosophical; stream of consciousness(The mark was a snail)narrator was trying to distract herself form the war (WW1)“ They’re Made Out of Meat” Terry Bissonthe entire story is the dialogue of aliens talking about humans (mimetic and lots of irony)“ Sonny’s Blues” James Baldwincharacters: narratorSonny (narrator’s brother)Isabel (narrator’s wife)summary: Sonny is a musician who got busted for using Heroin. The narrator just wants help him, but Sonny just wants to get out of Harlem because he feels it is a trap.– The dad in the story lost his brother similar to how the narrator is afraid of losing Sonny– environment: circumstances of the setting“ The Renegade” Albert Camuscharacters: narratorhis priestthe fetishenslaved womansummary: the narrator goes to work as a missionary in a tribe in Africa. Upon arrival, he was beaten and imprisoned. He converts to believing in “ The Fetish” and the power of hatred. He gets his tongue gut off when he approaches woman. When a new missionary is sent, he sneaks out to kill him, but the tribe ends up killing the narrator.(*author is an existentialist* “ why live at all?”)“ Bernice Bobs Her Hair” F. Scott Fitzgeraldcharacters: MarjorieBerniceWarrensummary: Bernice is an unpopular girl who comes to stay with her popular cousin Marjorie. Marjorie teaches Bernice all of the “ becoming” ways of the popular girls. When Warren, a boy who used to like Marjorie, starts to pursue Bernice, Marjorie convinces Bernice to cut her hair into a bob. To get revenge, Bernice cuts Marjorie’s braids off in her sleep.(the real reason Marjorie doesn’t like Bernice is because she’s NA)“ The Prophets Hair” Salman Rushdiecharacters: Atta (brother)Huma (sister)Sheikh Sin (Thief)Hashim (dad)wifepolice unclesummary: when Hashim comes across the prophets hair, it drives him insane. Atta goes into a coma bc he got mugged. Huma hires Sheikh, a thief, to steak the hair from her dad. When Sheikh enters the house, Atta dies, Hashim accidentally kills Huma, then he kills himself. Sheikh gets shot by the policeman uncle. The hair cured Sheikh’s kids and wife.“ Box Seat” Jean Toomercharacters: Daniel Moore (narrator)Mrs. PribbyMuriel

summary: Daniel tries to pursue Muriel, but she rejects his advances. He follows her to the theatre and screams “ JESUS WAS ONCE A LEPPER” when the fighting champion hands Muriel a rose.

Albert Camus as an Existentialist“ Why live at all?” No Goda being who requires purpose/meaning to live, lives in a world with no meaning3 aspects of settingtime, place, atmosphereBartlebycharacters: the lawyer (narrator)BartlebyTurkeyNippresGinger Nut

Internal focalization on narratortheme: emotions shouldn’t dictate actionssummary: narrator is a pushover who moves the hours for his workers depending on their moods. He fired Bartleby for being lazy, but Bartleby wouldn’t leave & even slept there. Narrator didn’t make him leave & ended up in jail where he died. motif: stoicism (no display of feelings)

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