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Iah 231b

super patriotismthe view that gov’t power is legitimate and that citizens have a powerful obligation to obey governmental laws and directivespolitical cynicismthe view that the gov’t claims to act for the common good but they are in fact tools for servicing the interests of those who hold poweranarchismanti-political philosophy3 claims of anarchism1. no gov’ts are legitimate
2. no one has a moral duty to obey the law
3. human beings would be better off w/o gov’tscritical citizenshipthe view that one cannot reasonably decide either that all gov’ts are legitimate or that none areparent argument1. the state is socrates’ parent
2. everyone ought to obey his/her parents
3. if socrates escapes, he disobeys his parent
4. therefore, socrates ought not escapebenefactor argument1. the state is socrates’ benefactor
2. everyone ought to obey his/her benefactor
3. if socrates escapes he disobeys his benefactor
4. therefore socrates ought not escapeagreement argument1. socrates made an agreement to obey the state
2. everyone ought to keep his/her agreements
3. if socrates escapes he will violate his agreement
4. therefore socrates ought not escapeThrasymachus’ cynic view” just or right meas nothing but what is to the interest of the stronger party” two versions of political cynicism1. equivalent of Thrasymachus’ view: rulers are out for self and manipulate the state for their own good
2. subtle version: rulers actually see themselves as acting for the good of society as a whole & sincerely reject that they’re defenders of oppressiontwo distinct views of cynicism1. a description of the nature of gov’t
2. a prescription or recommendation about how we should act toward gov’t and politicslocal cynicismpeople who look at their gov’t and assert it’s organized to benefit the rulersuniversal cynicismthose who believe all gov’ts are organized to benefit the rulersnecessary cynicismall gov’ts are by nature exploitativecontingent cynicismwhile some are exploitative not all are necessarilykey points in argument for anarchism1. individual autonomy has extraordinary value
2. gov’ts and laws limit freedom by imposing restrictions on individuals and supporting those restrictions w/ forcetwo reasons for high value of freedom1. all of us value and desire many things
2. freedom is simply the ability to act to achieve our goals and satisfy our desiresuniversalizabilitythe idea that a moral principle is only valid or acceptable if it could be followed by everyoneevils of government1. economic inequality
2. prisons and criminal justice
3. war and the statephilosophical anarchismanarchists who believe in the 1st three 3 beliefs but not the 3rd. (gov’ts ought to be abolished)first source of conflict in ” state of nature” scarcitysecond source of conflict in ” state of nature” competitionthird source of conflict in ” state of nature” motive of fear or suspicion (aka diffidence)fourth source of conflict in ” state of nature” desire to be ” top dog” or ” number 1″ (domination)objections to critical citizenship1. anarchists
2. super patriotsMLK’s criteria for determining if disobedience is justified1. any law degrading humanity is unjust
2. any law is a code that a power majority uses to compel a minority
3. a law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority group
4. if a law is unjust by its applicationthree questions for determining if disobedience is justified1. what sort of gov’t is in power?
2. what sorts of procedures were followed in the passing of the law?
3. what sort of law is it? two ways critical citizenship can go wrong in evaluating gov’ts and laws1. be mistaken that a particular gov’t or law is unjust
2. choose wrong means to oppose unjust gov’t or laws ONIAH 231B SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Now

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