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Essay, 3 pages (550 words)

Charles tilly – war making and state making as organized crime

ClaimWar making and state making are interdependent
Analogous to organised crimeProtectionDifferentiate protection and racketeering
Used as a justification for govt
– protection from local and external violenceBUT govt protection often qualifies as racketeering- create a threat and then charges for its reduction
– threats imaginary or a consequence of govt activitiesLegitimate and illegitimate force distinctionmakes no difference
Stinchcombe: legitimacy id the probability that other authorities will act to confirm the decisions of a given authority
more likely to be confirmed where the govt controls a substantial force
distinction arose slowly
– see govt involvement in piracyGeneral Argumentpursuit of war involved power holders in the extraction of resources from populations and in the promotion of capital accumulation
war making, extraction and capital accumulation interacted to shape European state making
did not foresee the emergence of national statesEffective war requires capitalAcquired by conquest, by selling assets, by coercion or by dispossessiondeveloped a durable interest in promoting the accumulation of capitalState changes resulted from
– difficulty of collecting taxes
– expense of armed force
– total war making required to hold off competitorsSovereigns sought disarmament of LordsTudors
Richelieu/Louis XIIIReliance on indirect rule was reduced by … a. extending govt officialdom to the local community
b. encouraging the creation of police forces subordinate to the govt

mixed strategies – cajoling, subjugating, dividing, buying
– tax exemptions
honorifics

four different state organised crime activities1. war making
2. state making
3. protection
4. extraction

al dependent on the state’s tendency to monopolise the concentrated means of coercion

Extractionfrom plunder to tribute to taxationIdealised sequenceWar making >>> territorial dominance
Increased extraction
Increased capacity to extract
extraction >>> neutralisation or elimination of rivals
>>> organisation of agencies >>> state making
War making >>> state making through the expansion of military organisation
alliances formed with specific social classes
>>> who then loaned resources and provided support, ensuring society’s compliance in return for a measure of protection

Became a distinctive state apparatus

Implications for the development of national states1. popular resistance to war making and state making made a difference
– resistance led to concessions > rights, representative institutions, courts of appeal
– concessions constrained later state and war making

2. relative balance between 4 elements significantly affected the organisation of the state which emerged
– WM prevalence >>> military play a larger part
– P prevalence – oligarchies of protected classes
– SM prevalence – policing and surveillance emphasis
Pre 20th Century – WM unlikely to disappear
>>> lending/buying war making

Simplified Model neglects external influences1. Flow of resources: loans and supplies
– especially those devoted to WM

2. competition for hegemony in disputed territories
– stimulated WM

3. intermittent coalitions
– forcing states into certain forms and positions

why war? larger scale logic of aggrandisement
a. differential success in external struggles establishes the difference between internal and external arenas for the deployment of force

b. external competition generates internal state making

c. external alliances influence form of states even more powerfully
– LoN extended Euro process to the world

States outside Europe developed differentlydifferences in military organisation
Europe: military apparatus build through struggles with citizens and through selective external engagement
Rest: decolonisation
– military organisation acquired from outside the state, without forging of mutual constraints
– powerful, unconstrained organisations
advantages of military power become larger
– incentives to seize power over the state are very strong
– disproportion between military and other forms of organisation ONCHARLES TILLY – WAR MAKING AND STATE MAKING AS ORGANIZED CRIME SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Now

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