Disability discrimination essay sample

1. 1Identify legislation and policies which are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion equal ife chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities

•Disability Discrimination Act
•Human Rights Act
•Equality Act
•Health and Social Care Act (Regulated activities)
•Essential Standards
•Mental Capacity Act.
•National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990
•Company policies and procedures
•Disability Equality Duty 2006..

1. 2Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day to day life of individuals with learning disabilities and their families.

The influence that legislation and policies have on the day-to-day experiences of an individual with a learning disability and of their families is as follows covert discrimination, overt discrimination, harassment; rights, labelling; vulnerability, stereotyping, inclusion, prejudice, empowerment, abuse, opportunity and equality.

2. 1 Explain what is meant by learning disabilitiy
The meaning of learning disability means i. e. ‘ an incomplete or state of arrested development of the mind’, an individual with a learning disability will have significant impairment of intellectual function/social and adaptive. Stages of learning disability can range from mild, moderate, severe and profound. 2. 2 Give examples of causes of learning disabilities

Examples and causes of learning disabilities are
•unknown factors
• environmental
• before, during and after birth
•chromosomal and genetic factors.
• Others include being intellectually impaired i. e. dysgraphia, visual processing disorder, dyscalculia, early onset, dyslexia, social or adaptive dysfunction.

2. 4 State the approximate amount of individuals with learning disabilities for whom the cause is not know 50%
2. 5 Describe the possible effect on a family of having a member with learning disabilities •Negative reactions from others around them
•Acceptance
•Barriers
•Grief ie loss of the child almost
3. 1 Explain the types of services that have been provided for individuals with learning disabilities over time •Day centres
•‘ specials schools’
•‘ lunatic asylums’
•‘ long stay hospitals’
•Residential homes
•Community care
3. 2 describe how past ways of working may effect present services
Past ways of working may hav effected present services because individuals now live within the community and are given the same rights to access services as others within the community instead of living in institutions they now live in their own homes making their own choices and living as independently as possible. We now strive to work the opposite to how past ways of working were giving the individual a better quality and equal life style.

3. 3Identify some of the key changes in the following areas of the lives of individuals who have learning disabilities -Where people live
•Choices where they live
•Independent and supported living
•Intergrated within the community
-daytime activities
•More available with choices
•Participating in community activities
-Employmeny
•More opportunities
•Equality
-Sexual relationships and parenthood
•Choices
•Education
•Support
-The provisions of healthcare
•Choices of treatment
•Availability
•More understanding and aware of learning disabilities and support needed •Access to health care

4. 1 Explain the term social inclusion
Social inclusion is about involving everyone in society, making sure all have opportunities to work or take part in social activities. 4. 2 Explain the term advocacy

Advocacy is speaking acting, writing with minimal conflict of interest on behalf of the sincerely perceived interests of a disadvantaged person or group to promote, protect and defend their welfare and justice by •being on their side and no-one else’s

•being primarily concerned with their fundamental needs
•remaining loyal and accountable to them in a way which is emphatic and vigorous and which is, or is likely to be, costly to the advocate or advocacy group

4. 3 Describe different types of advocacy

•Individual Advocacy
•Citizen Advocacy
•Systems Advocacy
•Parent Advocacy
•Self Advocacy

5. 1 Explain how attitudes are changing in relation to individuals with learning disabilities

•More understanding and education about learning disabilities •More accepting attitudes in community
•Equality laws making people more aware

5. 2give examples of positive and negative aspects of being labelled as having a learning disability

Positive:
•Decision making
•Engaging with the community
•Inclusion
•Intergration

Negative:
•Name calling
•Intimidation
•Violence
•Butt of jokes
•Discrimination

5. 3 describe steps that can be taken to promote positive attitudes towards individuals with learning disabilities and their family carers.

•Getting individuals out into the community
•Encouraging inclusion in the community
•Educating people about learning disabilities
•Making people aware

5. 4 explain the roles of external agencies and others in changing attitudes and policy and practises

To educate the public to understand learning disabilities and promote inclusion equality and diversity.

6. 1 identify ways of adapting each of the following when communicating with individuals with learning disabilities

-Verbal communication
•Speaking slowly and clearly
•In a way the individuals understands ie age appropriate amd ability appropriate -non verbal
•PECs
•Makaton
•BSL

6. 2 explain why it is important to use language that is both age and ability appropriate when communicating with individuals with learning disabilities

It is important so that individuals are able to understand what you are telling them or asking of them.

6. 3 describe ways of checking wheather an individual has understood a communication and how to address any misunderstandings

The most effective way of checking whather an individual has understood a communication is to wait for their reply then ask them if the understood what you have said to them or asked of them and if they haven’t then repeat what you have said or try an alternative method of communication.