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Citizenship education

Citizenship Education Discuss the form of civic education that exists in Australia Introduction The introduction part of the research introduces the topical issues thus outlining the problem. This way, the researcher introduces the problem thus developing a clear thesis statement that supports his belief of the prevalent nature of the problem thus validating the investigation. Civic education refers to collective actions geared towards changing the beliefs, actions, capabilities and commitments of the members of a particular community (Poulakos, 2004). Civic education is therefore an important aspect of management often done by different people and institutions in the society with the view of manipulating the actions of the people. Among the most common forms of civic education include adverts most of which seek to influence the consumer decisions. Additionally, governments also carry out extensive civic educations with the view of enlightening the population on particular occurrence that require collective decision making such as constitutional referendum among others (Levinson & Stevick, 2006). Australia is among the leading democracies in the world; as such, the nation understands the essence of collective decision making through such democratic processes as a referendum. The Australian government employs several techniques of civic education to achieve maximum influence on the population. The literate Australian has effective internet access and cable television connections (De Mooij, 2011). The government thus prefers to use the media to run detailed messages that have effective reach to the target population. Literature review The literature review section in a research contains valid information drawn from existing literature. The researcher compares the existing information to his research thus providing effective background to the study. An exhaustive literature review section connects the reserves determined problem to the previously existing information thus corroborating the information need. Existing literature includes books and professional journals among other approved sources containing valid information. Plagiarism refers to the deliberate copying of an individual’s work and claiming such as one’s. Plagiarism is not only unethical but a crime; the researcher must therefore read, conceptualize and redress the information from such sources thus developing unique concepts backed by the existing literature. The techniques use to prevent plagiarism include attribution and paraphrasing the information. Civic education is a fundamental aspect of management and governance, the Australian government has an effective national broadcaster, which helps the ministry of education to communicate to the people. Civic education in the country takes several forms and the government uses such techniques as the media to pass progressive messages with the view of influencing the mindset of the people. The government employs various media including radio, television and newspapers where it communicates structured messages that are easy to understand and conceptualize. The government always strives to regulate the public opinion a feature that makes mass media important owing to its massive access. The developed economy has had myriad problems such as the fire catastrophes that have necessitated the existence of an effective mechanism to help the government carry out extensive civic education (Beebe, Beebe, & Redmond, 2011). To manipulate the public opinion, the government must ensure that they assume the agenda-setting role in the society a feature that makes the media one of the most effective civic education method. The government develops messages appropriately for the different channels thus communicating the messages to the people at appropriate times most probably at prime times when families watch the television. This way, it becomes possible to influence the public opinion thus drawing the interest of the public on prevailing issues. This helps develop interest thus making successive communication of the messages through the same media successfully. Methodology The methodology section of a research outlines the type of the research, the data collection methods that the researcher uses and the methods he or she uses to portray the findings. The section is important since it orders the research thus making ever information readily available for the target audience. By explaining the data collection methods to the audience, the researcher makes it easier for the audience to analyze the effectiveness of the method thus influencing their reliance on the information contained in the research (Cochran, 1977). The research alongside will rely on secondary data. Such refers to the information obtained from relevant studies done in the past, journals and already existing records. Secondary data is equally effective in conducting studies since they are valid information obtained by scholars who spent time researching their areas of specialization. The study will therefore review books, reports, journals among other readily available records on the topical issue. Books are academic literature that contains quantifiable and credible information on specific topics and subjects. Books help provide background information on an issue under study. However, some books are old and may not therefore provide updated information. The use of books requires effective consideration in order to determine the most effective and relevant material to use as a source in the study. The same is applicable with journals and reports. The selection is important since it helps determine the relevance of a source before using them as sources in an academic research (Chatterjee & Hevner, 2010). References Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J, & Redmond, M. V. (2011). Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others, (6th ed.) Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Biagi, S. (2012). Media/impact: An Introduction to Mass Media. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Chatterjee, S. & Hevner. (2010). A. Design Research in Information Systems: Theory and Practice. Berlin: Springer US. Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous research methodologies. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. New York [u. a.: Wiley. De Mooij, M. (2011). Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising, Second Edition. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. Fletcher, R. & Brown, L. (2005): International Marketing: An Asia-Pacific Perspective. 3 Edition. Pearson Education Australia, Sydney. Fourie, P. (2002). Media Studies. Lansdowne: Juta. Jeffres, L. W. & Richard M. P. (1997). Mass Media Effects. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press. Keegan W. J. and Green M. C. (2012). Global Marketing, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall International, New Jersey (Chapter 1-2, 4-5, 7-12). Lavender, T., Edwards, G. and Alfirevic, Z. (2004). Demystifying Qualitative Research. Salisbury: Quay Books. Levinson, B. A., & Stevick, D. (2006). Reimagining civic education: How diverse societies form democratic citizens. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Nakata, C. (2009): Beyond Hofstede: Culture Frameworks for Global Marketing and Management. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Niemi, Richard G., & Junn, Jane. (2005). Civic Education: What Makes Students Learn. Yale Univ Pr. Patterson, P. & Lee, W. (2004). Media Ethics: Issues and Cases, 5th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Poulakos, T. (2004). Isocrates and civic education. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press. Schreuder, H. T., Gregoire, T. G., & Wood, G. B. (1993). Sampling methods for multiresource forest inventory. New York: Wiley.

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