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Based better, cleaned and sometimes removed the

Based on J. K. Lakshmipat (2012) trees provide themost important raw material for the paper. Wood is made from is cellulose in the form of fiber. Cellulose fiber can found in manyvegetable tissues that can be freely being pulledmechanicalor chemical means. These sources are so much many in plant species from which it can bereceivedfrom, and the number of species gives fiber which could be used for paper runsinto thousands. The trees are cut down and the trunk is put into a chipping machine where it is cut into verysmall pieces.

Then the wood chips that contain cellulose are boiled in water to form a thick woodpulp Chemicals. Fresh river water is used in paper making process. The pulp is washedmake better, cleaned and sometimes removed the colorthen turned to slushin the beater. Color dyes, coatings and other are mixedin, and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. As the pulp goes down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulting verysimple, rough and rude paper sheet, or web, is press between large rollers to remove most of theremaining water and secureof smoothness and uniform thickness.

The pulp is spilledover a fine mesh and the water escapes leaving the cellulose fiber behind. The finished paper iswound into large rolls, which can be 30 feet wide and weigh close to 25 tons. A slitter cuts thepaper into smaller, and the paper is ready for use. That will form papers. V. Ryan (2004) Based on Times Op-Ed (2013) the average personwho uses a product or service uses 500 bags a year, about 80 percent plastic and 20 percent paper. Plastic bags cost stores like grocery stores2 cents to 5 cents each, and paper ones cost5 cents to 23 cents.

In study that managed and done by, Edelman Berland they found out that gauge personwho uses a product perceptions of different types of bags, to specify how oftenreusable bags are used to, and to try and established the future that plastic and paper bags willcontinue to play in checkout lines. The personwho responded that was surveyed composed of people who have either received or bought reusable non-wovenpolypropylene (NWPP) bags–roughly 28 percent of a nationwide sample. J. Eick (2014) Kathryn Sukalich (2016) stated that in 2011, over 66.

8 percent of paper useddestroyed in the United States was recycled. Each ton of papers that recycled saves more than 3. 3 cubicyards where garbage and trash is dumped space, and if they measure through weight, more paper is recovered for recycling than plastic, aluminum and glass combined. Paper is amaterial that used to recycling, since 87%(percent) in community of people have access toreduceside or drop-off recycling for paper. So basically afterthe person used papers they will collecting it and recycled again. These papers carefully study the life cycle of papers because paper bags is made of paper thatusually used as shopping bags, packaging, and big sacks.  II. Life Cycle Analysis of Plastic BagsPlastic bags are made from an obiquitous polymer substance polyethylene.

This kindof substance begins as ethylene, and it is commonly pulledout from natural gases, and then treated to become the polymer, that forming long chains of carbonand hydrogen atoms. These chains will be depending on what type of polyethylene is being used, but they all help create different types of plastic bags. T. Lacoma (2017). A Polythene is producedfrom oilextracted from the ground and natural gas, two non-renewable usefulthings/valuable supplies is found underground, through a process known as the tubular film process. Basically there are many types of polyethylene in creating plastic bags theHDPE, PETE, LDPE, LLDPE, PVC, PP, and PS.

The HDPE stands for high densitypolyethylene, it is the most and common type of polyethylene used to createshopping bags. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE) is tough, clear and hasgood gas and moisture barrier compositions that making it ideal for carbonatedbeverage applications and other food Tupperware or containers. The LDPE is madefrom low density, branching chains of polymer materials.  This chainmakes a very light, almost film like plastic that is used to make the tear-awaybags dry cleaners that are used for wrapping cleaned clothes. The LLDPE is connectedto linear low density polyethylene; these plastics do not branch, but alsodidn’t have the same strength as HDPE versions.  It means that theshopping bags created from LLDPE plastics need to be thicker and heavier weightthat traditional grocery bags.  PVC is known as Polyvinyl Chloride whichis excellent transparency, chemical resistance, long term stability, goodweather ability and stable electrical properties.

The flexible vinyl is used inwire and cable sheathing, insulation, film and sheet, flexible floor coverings, and others. The Polypropylene (PP) has excellent chemical resistance and it iscommonly used in packaging. Polypropylene is found in everything that areflexible and rigid packaging to fibers for fabrics and carpets and consumer products.

Then Polystyrene (PS) is a versatile plastic that can be rigid. The generalpurpose of polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. Its clarity allows it to beused when transparency is important, as in medical and food packaging, andin certain electronic uses. According to Rutan Poly Businesses, INC. (2014) to create plastic bags the process isjust like the process for creating a book. There are two steps to make plastic bags the process known as” extrusion” first step in making a plastic bag.

An extruder is used to heat the polyethylene plasticto a temperature of up to 500 degrees F that can melt the pellets, and then the (hot)liquid plastic flow into machine and a die that decidesthe thickness that the bag will produce. Afterthat, the plastic film is pushed into a bubble by the outside air and through a coolingprocess. Then the film will cut into the appropriate size and then placed onto a spindle. On thesecond step, once the plastic bag is placed onto the spindle, it will go into conversion department.

This group of people will unwraps the filmroll and cuts it with a heated knife that also seals each of the sides of the bags together andconversion department also adds some characters on it. Lastly handles are cut out using a heat process, and logos, designs and text is added to the bag. On plastic bags the chemicals is in use are the commonly taken from natural gases and oil (raw oil fromthe ground) that involves the types of polyethylene. Based on Plastic Industry over 150, 000 plastic bags capable on two pallets. The same number ofpaper bags would fill a 40ft truck. Plastic is also very strong. Supermarket bags can hold at least22lb of shopping. Some hold twice that.

Every year, each person consumes 216 plastics and guessedamounts of 500 billion are being used around the globe each year. It is commonly usefor shopping and being thrown for an average of 20 minutes. Daily Mail Reporter (2008)showed that the five trillion carrier bags produced each year start life as oilextracted from the ground.

Demand is so high that 0. 2% of the world’s oil is used to make them – about 60 millionbarrels. Based on the test/evaluation over 86, 000-117, 000 tons 18kg per person of after-a product or service plastic packaging waste was created in Finland in 2014. Inmajority, 84% of the waste was in the mixed MSW flow in 2014.

In year 2016, almost 40% of theplastic packaging could become available for recycling. Because launching new sorting facilities and separate collections for afterplastic packaging. Because of this , 50% recycling rate forafter plastic packaging (other than PET bottles) would be needed to increase the overall MSW recycling rate from the current 41% by around twopercentage points. H. Dahlbo, et al.(2017)

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