Apush

APUSH * ————————————————- Chapter 26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution ————————————————- 1.     In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land. ————————————————- 2.     In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War, the there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides. ————————————————- 3.     The Indians battled whites to avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites, punish whites for breaking treaties, defend their lands against white invaders, and preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement. ————————————————- 4.     Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. ————————————————- Chief Joseph- Nez Perce ————————————————- Sitting Bull-Sioux ————————————————- Geronimo- Apache ————————————————- 5.     As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman’s command in 1866 the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands. ————————————————- 6.     The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo. ————————————————- 7.     The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when the federal government attempted to put them on a reservation. ————————————————- 8.     The buffalo were nearly exterminated through wholesale butchery by whites. ————————————————- 9.     A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by Helen Hunt Jackson. ————————————————- 10.  The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated “ kind” treatment of the Indians had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them. ————————————————- 11.  To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act dissolve many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, promise Indians U. S. citizenship in twenty-five years, and tried to make rugged individualists of the Indians. ————————————————- 12.  The United States government’s outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the Battle of Wounded Knee. ————————————————- 13.  The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian assimilation. ————————————————- 14.  Know the following in order: Dawes Severalty Act is passed; Oklahoma land rush takes place; Indians are granted full citizenship; Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life ————————————————- 15.  The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West helped to finance the Civil War. ————————————————- 16.  The mining frontier played a vital role in attracting the first substantial white population to the West. ————————————————- 17.  The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified as the mining frontier expanded. ————————————————- 18.  The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were Abilene, Kansas; Ogallala, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming ————————————————- 19.  One problem with the Homestead Act was that 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain scarce Great Plains. ————————————————- 20.  The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to promote frontier settlement. ————————————————- 21.  The Homestead Act was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue. ————————————————- 22.  A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was the scarcity of water. ————————————————- 23.  In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the hydraulic engineers. ————————————————- 24.  “ Sooners” were settlers “ who jumped the gun” in order to claim land in Oklahoma. ————————————————- 25.  Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were eastern city dwellers. ————————————————- 26.  In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone.. ————————————————- 27.  Free western land attracted many immigrant farmers who might have crowded urban job markets, the possibility of westward migration encouraged eastern employers to pay higher wages, farmers frequently migrated after earning a profit from the sale of land, and western cities became places of opportunity for failed farmers and easterners alike are valid support for the theory that the frontier served as a “ safety valve” for American social discontent and economic conflict. ————————————————- 28.  Cities Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major “ safety valve” by providing a home for failed farmers and busted miners. ————————————————- 29.  The area of the country in which the federal government has done the most to aid economic and social development is the West. ————————————————- 30.  The real “ safety valve” in the late nineteenth century was the western cities. ————————————————- 31.  In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers grew a single cash crop. ————————————————- 32.  The root cause of the American farmers’ problem after 1880 was overproduction of agricultural goods. ————————————————- 33.  In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods increased, and the price received for these goods decreased. ————————————————- 34.  Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from a deflated currency. ————————————————- 35.  With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years, tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South. ————————————————- 36.  Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they were by nature highly independent and individualistic. ————————————————- 37.  The first major farmers’ organization was the Patrons of Husbandry. ————————————————- 38.  The original purpose of the Grange was to stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities. ————————————————- 39.  In several states, farmers helped to pass the “ Granger Laws, ” which  regulated railroad rates. ————————————————- 40.  The Farmers’ Alliance was formed to take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads. ————————————————- 41.  The Farmers’ Alliance was especially weakened by the exclusion of black farmers. ————————————————- 42.  The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to the Farmers’ Alliance. ————————————————- 43.  The Populist Party’s presidential candidate in 1892 was James B. Weaver. ————————————————- 44.  James B. Weaver, William “ Coin” Harvey, Ignatius Donnelley, and Mary Elizabeth Lease were among influential Populist leaders ————————————————- 45.  In a bid to win labor’s support, the Populist Party opposed injunctions against labor strikes. ————————————————- 46.  During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks. ————————————————- 47.  Jacob Coxey and his “ army” marched on Washington, D. C., to demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program. ————————————————- 48.  Richard Olney was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893. ————————————————- 49.  President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that the strike was preventing the transit of U. S. mail. ————————————————- 50.  Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: ————————————————- Richard Olney-United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike ————————————————- Eugene V. Debs -Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike ————————————————- George Pullman  – Owner of the “ palace railroad car” company and the company town where the strike began ————————————————- John P. Altgeld- Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers ————————————————- 51.  Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people. ————————————————- 52.  The Pullman strike created the first instance of government use of federal troops to break a labor strike. ————————————————- 53.  The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties. ————————————————- 54.  Sponsoring the high McKinley Tariff Bill was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in1896. ————————————————- 55.  Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of government was to aid business. ————————————————- 56.  The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was William Jennings Bryan;  the Republicans nominated William McKinley; and the Populists endorsed William Jennings Bryan. ————————————————- 57.  William Jennings Bryan in I896 was an excellent orator, radiated honesty and sincerity, was an energetic and charismatic campaigner, and was very youthful. ————————————————- 58.  William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he eloquently supported the farmers’ demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. ————————————————- 59.  In the election of 1896, the major issue became free and unlimited coinage of silver. ————————————————- 60.  One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna. ————————————————- 61.  The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause. ————————————————- 62.  The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes. ————————————————- 63.  The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by diminishing voter participation in elections. ————————————————- 64.  As president, William McKinley can best be described as cautious and conservative. ————————————————- 65.  The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of an increase in the international gold supply. * ————————————————- Chapter 27 Empire and Expansion ————————————————- 1.     In his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, the Reverend Josiah Strong advocated American expansion to spread American religion and values. ————————————————- 2.     By the 1890s, the United States was bursting with a new sense of power generated by an increase in population, wealth, and industrial production. ————————————————- 3.     A major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was the need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production. ————————————————- 4.     The clash between Germany and America over the Samoan islands eventually resulted in a colonial division of the islands between Germany and the United States. ————————————————- 5.     U. S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that control of the sea was the key to world domination. ————————————————- 6.     The numerous near-wars and diplomatic crises of the United States in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrated the aggressive new national mood. ————————————————- 7.     To justify American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, Secretary of State Olney invoked the Monroe Doctrine. ————————————————- 8.     During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the United States threatened war unless Britain backed down and accepted Venezuela’s claim. ————————————————- 9.     A primary reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was that their growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States. ————————————————- 10. The Venezuela boundary dispute was settled by arbitration of the Venezuelan and British claims. ————————————————- 11. One reason that the white American “ sugar lords” tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was they feared that Japan might intervene in Hawaii on behalf of abused Japanese imported laborers. ————————————————- 12. Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because she opposed annexation to the United States and insisted that native Hawaiians should continue to control Hawaii ————————————————- 13. Grover Cleveland was the least enthusiastic about U. S. imperialistic adventures in the 1890s. ————————————————- 14. Before a treaty annexing Hawaii to the United States could be rushed through the U. S. Senate in 1893, President Harrison’s term expired and anti-imperialist Grover Cleveland became president. ————————————————- 15. President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because he believed that the native Hawaiians had been wronged and that a majority opposed annexation to the United States. ————————————————- 16. In an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the United States to help Cuba to gain its independence, Cuban insurrectos adopted a scorched-earth policy of burning cane fields and sugar mills. ————————————————- 17. Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons; popular outrage at the Spanish use of  reconcentration camp, fear that Spanish misrule in Cuba menaced the Gulf of Mexico and the route to the proposed Panama Canal, sympathy for Cuban patriots fighting for their freedom, and the atrocity stories reported in the “ yellow press. ” ————————————————- 18. The battleship Maine was officially sent to Cuba to protect and evacuate American citizens. ————————————————- 19. The battleship Maine was sunk by an explosion on the ship. ————————————————- 20. President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the American people demanded it. ————————————————- 21. The United States declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to sign an armistice with the Cuban rebels. ————————————————- 22. The Teller Amendment guaranteed that the United States would uphold the independence of Cuba. ————————————————- 23. American military strength during the Spanish-American War came mainly from its new steel navy. ————————————————- 24. A major weakness of Spain in the Spanish-American War was the wretched condition of its navy. ————————————————- 25. The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and the later United States occupation was Emilio Aguinaldo. ————————————————- 26. When the United States captured the Philippines from Spain, Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the Pacific. ————————————————- 27. The “ Rough Riders, ” organized principally by Teddy Roosevelt, were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood. ————————————————- 28. During the Spanish-American War, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Manila Bay. ————————————————- 29. When the United States invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War, most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes ————————————————- 30. The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish-American War resulted from sickness in both Cuba and the United States. ————————————————- 31. At the time, the most controversial event associated with the Spanish- American War was the acquisition of the Philippines. ————————————————- 32. Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippine Islands, and Manila are all of the following that became possessions of the United States under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris with Spain. ————————————————- 33. President McKinley justified American acquisition of the Philippines primarily by emphasizing that there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition. ————————————————- 34. American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed their economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations. ————————————————- 35. Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands;   it would violate the consent of the governed philosophy of the Declaration of Independence, despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home, annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of the Far East, and the Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule. ————————————————- 36. Starting in 1917, many Puerto Ricans came to the mainland United States seeking citizenship. ————————————————- 37. On the question of whether American laws applied to the overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court ruled that American laws did not necessarily apply. ————————————————- 38. The United States gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the Platt Amendment. ————————————————- 39. By acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the Spanish-American War, the United States assumed rule over millions of Asian people, became a full-fledged East Asian power, assumed commitments that would be difficult to defend, and developed popular support for a big navy. ————————————————- 40. Arrange the following events in chronological order: sinking of the Maine , American declaration of war on Spain, passage of the Teller Amendment, passage of the Platt Amendment. ————————————————- 41. In 1899, guerilla warfare broke out in the Philippines because the United States refused to give the Filipino people their independence. ————————————————- 42. The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured. ————————————————- 43. The American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence resulted in torture and atrocities committed by both sides. ————————————————- 44. President McKinley’s policy of “ benevolent assimilation” in the Philippines was not appreciated by the Filipinos.                                          ————————————————- 45. When Filipinos first came to the United States, they worked mainly as agricultural laborers. ————————————————- 46. Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they feared that American missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans. ————————————————- 47. America’s initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote free trade in China. ————————————————- 48. China’s Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to throw out or kill all foreigners. ————————————————- 49. In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the United States abandoned its general principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement in overseas conflict. ————————————————- 50. Once the Boxer uprising ended, China was spared further partition by foreign powers. ————————————————- 51. Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1900 mainly because New York party bosses wanted him out of the governorship. ————————————————- 52. The extended Open Door policy advocated in Secretary John Hay’s second note called on all big powers, including the United States, to observe the territorial integrity of China. ————————————————- 53. Just before his nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt served as governor of New York. ————————————————- 54. In the 1900 presidential election, the Democratic party and its candidate, William Jennings Bryan, insisted that imperialism was the “ paramount issue” of the campaign. ————————————————- 55. As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt matched William Jennings Bryan’s travels in a flamboyant campaign. ————————————————- 56. The Republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of the prosperity achieved during McKinley’s first term. ————————————————- 57. Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as highly energetic and egotistical. ————————————————- 58. As president, Teddy Roosevelt proved progressive but willing to compromise. ————————————————- 59. Regarding the presidency, Teddy Roosevelt believed that the President could take any action not specifically prohibited by the laws and the Constitution. ————————————————- 60. Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by a desire to improve the defense of the United States. ————————————————- 61. The British gave up their opposition to an American-controlled isthmian canal because they confronted an unfriendly Europe and were bogged down in the Boer War. ————————————————- 62. The alternative route to Panama seriously considered as the location for a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was Nicaragua. ————————————————- 63. The United States entered the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama, the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with Britain, and the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan. ————————————————- 64. The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. ————————————————- 65. The Colombian Senate rejected the treaty with the United States for a canal because the United States was not paying the Colombian government enough money. ————————————————- 66. Teddy Roosevelt’s role in the Panamanian Revolution involved using American naval forces to block Colombian troops from crossing the isthmus and crushing the revolt. ————————————————- 67. The revolution in Panama began when a Chinese civilian and donkey were killed. ————————————————- 68. Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because the presidential election of 1904 was approaching. ————————————————- 69. During the building of the Panama Canal, all of the following difficulties were encountered;  labor troubles, landslides, poor sanitation, yellow fever. ————————————————- 70. Theodore Roosevelt defended his building of the Panama Canal by claiming that he had received a “ mandate from civilization. ” ————————————————- 71. American involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations at the turn of the century usually stemmed from the fact that they were chronically in debt. ————————————————- 72. The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to stop European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. ————————————————- 73. Teddy Roosevelt promoted what might be called a “ Bad Neighbor” policy by adding the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. ————————————————- 74. The United States’ frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America. ————————————————- 75. In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because Russia was seeking ice-free ports in Chinese Manchuria. ————————————————- 76. Theodore Roosevelt became involved in the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese War when Japan secretly asked him to help. ————————————————- 77. President Roosevelt organized a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905 to mediate a conclusion to the Russo-Japanese War. ————————————————- 78. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan won a territorial concession on Sakhalin Island. ————————————————- 79. The “ Gentlemen’s Agreement” that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese in 1907-1908 caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school decree by the San Francisco School Board. ————————————————- 80. Japanese immigrants first entered U. S. territory to work as laborers on Hawaii’s sugar plantations. ————————————————- 81. In the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908, the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other’s territorial holdings in the Pacific. ————————————————- 82. A group of historians known as the A New Left revisionists argued that the United States’ burst of overseas expansion was designed to create an “ informal empire” that would guarantee American economic dominance of foreign markets and investments. * ————————————————- Chapter 28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt ————————————————- 1.       As one progressive explained, the ‘ real heart’ of the progressive movement was to use the government as an agency of human welfare ————————————————- 2.       Progressives who were among the strongest critics of injustice in early-twentieth-century America, received much of their inspiration from the Greenback Labor party and the Populists ————————————————- 3.       Match each late-19th century social critic below with the target of his criticism. ————————————————- Thorstein Veblen -‘ conspicuous consumption’ ————————————————- Jack London- destruction of nature ————————————————- Jacob Riis-‘ slum conditions’     ————————————————- Henry Demarest Lloyd-‘ bloated trusts’   ————————————————- 4.       Progressivism supported many reforms advocated by feminists ————————————————- 5.       President Theodore Roosevelt branded reporters who tried to uncover injustice as ‘ muckrakers’ because he was annoyed by their excessive zeal ————————————————- 6.       Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of their being essentially an extension of women’s traditional roles as wives and mothers. ————————————————- 7. Match the earl 20th century muckraker below with the target of his or her expose. ————————————————- David Phillips- the U. S. Senate ————————————————- Ida Tarbell-the Standard Oil Company ————————————————- Lincoln Steffens-city governments ————————————————- Ray Stannard Baker-the conditions of blacks ————————————————- 8.       Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled ‘ The Shame of the Cities,’ unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government ————————————————- 9.       The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls ————————————————- 10.   Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to make the public aware of social problems. ————————————————- 11.   The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. ————————————————- 12.   Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the middle class. ————————————————- 13.   Political progressivism emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government ————————————————- 14.   According to progressives, the cure for American democracy’s ills was more democracy. ————————————————- 15.   To regain the power that the people had lost to the ‘ interests,’ progressives advocated all of the following;  initiative, referendum, recall, and direct election of U. S. senators. ————————————————- 16.   All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressive; the direct election of U. S. senators, prohibition, woman suffrage, and ending prostitution and ‘ white slavery’. ————————————————- 17.   The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the 17th and 18thamendments added to the Constitution.   The 17th called for direct election of U. S. senators, and the 18th called for prohibition. ————————————————- 18.   The progressive movement was instrumental in getting the Seventeenth amendment added to the Constitution, which provided for direct election of senators. ————————————————- 19.   The settlement house and women’s club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social ————————————————- 20.   The following are among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement; preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops, insuring that food products were healthy and safe, attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements, and creating pensions for mothers with dependent children. ————————————————- 21.   In Muller vs. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelly and Louis Brandeis that female workers required special rules and protection on the job. ————————————————- 22.   The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry. ————————————————- 23.   The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling declared a law limiting work to 10 hours a day unconstitutional. ————————————————- 24.   The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government was designed to remove politics from municipal administration. ————————————————- 25.   Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives’ highest priority was governmental efficiency. ————————————————- 26.   While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the Square Deal. ————————————————- 27.   As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the following; control of corporations, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources, and an end to railroad rebates. ————————————————- 28.   Theodore Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops. ————————————————- 29.   One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute. ————————————————- 30.   The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of railroad regulations. ————————————————- 31.   Theodore Roosevelt believed that trusts were here to stay with their efficient means of production. ————————————————- 32.   The real purpose of Theodore Roosevelt’s assault on trusts was to prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country. ————————————————- 33.   President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of regulating trusts. ————————————————- 34.   Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was facilitated by the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.   ————————————————- 35.   When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry. ————————————————- 36.   Of the following legislation aimed at resource conservation, the only one associated with Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency was the Newlands Act. ————————————————- 37.   According to the text, Theodore Roosevelt’s most enduring, tangible achievement may have been his efforts supporting the environment. ————————————————- 38.   The idea of ‘ multiple-use resource management’ included all of the following practices;  recreation, sustained-yield logging, summer stock grazing, and watershed protection. ————————————————- 39.   Theodore Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president. ————————————————- 40.   The panic of 1907 stimulated reform in banking policy. ————————————————- 41.   Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as a middle-of-the-road politician. ————————————————- 42.   While president, Theodore Roosevelt greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency. ————————————————- 43.   During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following; expand presidential power, shape the progressive movement, provide an international perspective, and tame capitalism. ————————————————- 44.   As president, William Howard Taft was wedded more to the status quo than to change. ————————————————- 45.   President Taft’s foreign policy was dubbed dollar diplomacy. ————————————————- 46.   The Supreme Court’s ‘ rule of reason’ in restraint-of-trade cases was handed down in a case involving Standard Oil. ————————————————- 47.   Theodore Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because William H. Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt’s policies. * ————————————————- Chapter 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad ————————————————- 1.        Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been state governor. ————————————————- 2.        As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as passionate reformer. ————————————————- 3.        In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included antitrust legislation, monetary reform, tariff reductions, and support for small businesses. ————————————————- 4.        When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt’s name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it symbolized the rising political status of women. ————————————————- 5.        Teddy Roosevelt’s New Nationalism supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business. ————————————————- 6.        Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship. ————————————————- 7.        In 1912 presidential election was notable because it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies. ————————————————- 8.        Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party ————————————————- Woodrow Wilson- Democratic ————————————————- Theodore Roosevelt- Progressive ————————————————- William Howard Taft- Republican ————————————————- Eugene V. Debs- Socialist ————————————————- 9.        According to the text, the runaway philosophical winter in 1912 election was progressivism. ————————————————- 10.    In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first person born in the south elected to the presidency since the Civil War. ————————————————- 11.    Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable surrounded by academic scholars. ————————————————- 12.    Woodrow Wilson’s attitude toward the masses can be best described as having faith in them if they were properly educated. ————————————————- 13.    Woodrow Wilson’s political philosophy included all of the following; faith in the masses, a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress, a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislatures to the sovereign people, and a belief in the moral essence of politics. ————————————————- 14.    As a politician Woodrow Wilson was inflexible and stubborn. ————————————————- 15.    Congress passed the Underwood Tariff because President Wilson aroused public opinion to support it passage. ————————————————- 16.    In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson’s day when he personally delivered his presidential address to Congress. ————————————————- 17.    When Woodrow Wilson because president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country’s financial structure was that currency was inelastic. ————————————————- 18.    When Congress passed the Underwood Tariff Bill in 1913, it intended the legislation to lower tariffs. ————————————————- 19.    The Sixteenth Amendment provided for a personal income tax. ————————————————- 20.    The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American Banking system through the final authority given to the presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board. ————————————————- 21.    The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation. ————————————————- 22.    The Clayton Anti-Trust Act explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing. ————————————————- 23.    Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the Clayton Anti-Trust Act “ labor’s Magna Charta”. ————————————————- 24.    The first Jew to sit on the United State Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was Louis D. Brandeis. ————————————————- 25.    Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy. ————————————————- 26.    Woodrow Wilson’s early efforts to conduct anti-imperialist U. S. foreign policy were first undermined when he sent American marines to Haiti. ————————————————- 27.    Moralistic best characterizes Woodrow Wilson’s approach to American foreign policy diplomacy. ————————————————- 28.    President Woodrow Wilson refused to intervene in the affairs of Mexico until American sailors were arrested in the port of Tampico. ————————————————- 29.    Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries; Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Virgin Islands, Mexico. ————————————————- 30.    Woodrow Wilson’s administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by Victoriano Huerta. ————————————————- 31.    As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the Central Powers, while Russia and France were among the Allies. ————————————————- 32.    From 1914 to 1916, trade between the United States and Britain pulled the American economy out of recession. ————————————————- 33.    With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans earnestly hoped to stay out of the war. ————————————————- 34.    One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies. ————————————————- 35.    President Wilson insisted that he would hold Germany to “ strict accountability” the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare. ————————————————- 36.    German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany. ————————————————- 37.    The Progressive “ Bull Moose” party died when Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party’s presidential candidate in 1916. ————————————————- 38.    In the Sussex Pledge, Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning. ————————————————- 39.    When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the working class. * ————————————————- Chapter 30 The War to End War ————————————————- 1.        President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when they announced they would wage unrestricted sub warfare in the Atlantic. ————————————————- 2.        The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement between Germany and Mexico. ————————————————- 3.        The United States declared war on Germany after German U-boats sank four unarmed American merchant. ————————————————- 4.        President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War by pledging to make the war “ a war to end all wars” and to make the world safe for democracy. ————————————————- 5.        President Wilson viewed America’s entry into World War I as an opportunity for the United States to shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy. ————————————————- 6.        Reduction of armament, international religious freedom and toleration, abolition of secret treaties, and the principle of nation self- determination was among Wilson’s Fourteen Points upon which he based America’s idealistic foreign policy in World War I. ————————————————- 7.        The major problem for George Creel and his Committee on Public information was that he oversold Wilson’s ideals and led the world to expect too much. ————————————————- 8.        Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization agency that he directed. ————————————————- George Creel- Committee on Public ————————————————- Herbert Hoover- Food Administration ————————————————- Bernard Baruch-War Industries Board ————————————————- William Howard Taft- National War Labor Board ————————————————- 9.        When the United States entered World War I, it was poorly prepared to leap into global war. ————————————————- 10.    During World War I, civilian liberties in America were denied to many, especially those suspected of disloyalty. ————————————————- 11.    Two constitutional amendments adopted in part because of wartime influences were the Eighteenth, which dealt with prohibition, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was woman suffrage. ————————————————- 12.    As a result of their work supporting the war effort, women finally received the right to vote. ————————————————- 13.    During World War I, the government’s treatment of labor could be best described as fair. ————————————————- 14.    The two groups who suffered most from the violation of civil liberties during World War I were German Americans and social radicals. ————————————————- 15.    Grievances of labor during and shortly after World War I include all of the following; the inability to gain the right to organize, war-spawned inflation, violence against workers by employers, and the use of African Americans as strikebreakers. ————————————————- 16.    The 1919 steel strike resulted in a grievous setback crippling the union movement for a decade. ————————————————- 17.    The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during WWI resulted in racial violence in the north. ————————————————- 18.    Most wartime mobilization agencies relied on voluntary compliance to prepare the economy for war. ————————————————- 19.    Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from loans from the American public. ————————————————- 20.    In the effort to make economic mobilization more effective during World War I, the federal government took over and operated the railroads. ————————————————- 21.    The United States used all of the following methods to support the war effort; forcing some people to buy war bonds, having ‘ heatless Mondays’ to conserve fuel, seizing enemy merchant vessels trapped in American harbors, and restricting the manufacture of beer. ————————————————- 22.    The World War I military draft included women as well as men. ————————————————- 23.    When the United States entered the war in 1917, most Americans did not believe that it would be necessary to send a large American army to Europe. ————————————————- 24.    Those who protested conscription during World War I did so because they disliked the ideas of compelling a person to serve. ————————————————- 25.    During WWI American troops fought in all of the following countries; Russia, Belgium, Italy, and France. ————————————————- 26.    The two major battle of WWI in which the Unites States forces engaged were St. Mihiel and the Meuse- Argonne Offensive. ————————————————- 27.    Russia’s withdrawal from WWI in 1918 resulted in the release of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France. ————————————————- 28.    The supreme military commander of American forces during WWI was John J. Pershing. ————————————————- 29.    The Second Battle of Marne was significant because it marked the beginning of German withdrawal that was never reversed. ————————————————- 30.    As a condition ending WWI, Woodrow Wilson demanded that the German Kaiser be forced from power. ————————————————- 31.    The United States main contribution to the Allied victory in World War I included all the following; foodstuff, oil, munitions, and financial credit. ————————————————- 32.    The Germans were heavily demoralized the United States unlimited troop reserves. ————————————————- 33.    The chief difference between Woodrow Wilson and the parliamentary states at the Paris peace table was that Wilson did not command a legislative majority at home. ————————————————- 34.    Woodrow Wilson’s ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to establish the League of Nations. ————————————————- 35.    At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson sought all of the following goals; preventing a seizure of territory by the victors, a world parliament of nation to provide collective security, national self-determination for smaller European nations, and free trade and freedom of the seas. ————————————————- 36.    Opposition to the League of Nations by many United States Senators during the Paris Peace Conference gave allied leaders in Paris a stronger bargaining position. ————————————————- 37.    After the Treaty of Versailles had been signed, Woodrow Wilson was condemned by both disillusioned liberals and frustrated nationalists and imperialist. ————————————————- 38.    In the United States the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles was Article X. ————————————————- 39.    The initial Republican strategy regarding the Treaty of Versailles was to delay and amend the treaty. ————————————————- 40.    Senate opponents of the League of Nations are proposed in the Treaty of Versailles argued that it robbed Congress of its war declaring powers. ————————————————- 41.    In Congress, the most reliable support for Wilson’s position on the League of Nations came from the Democrats. ————————————————- 42.    The Senate likely would have accepted American participation in the League of Nations if Wilson had been willing to compromise with League opponents in Congress. ————————————————- 43.    Woodrow Wilson was most responsible for the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles. ————————————————- 44.    Woodrow Wilson’s call for “ solemn referendum “ in 1920 referred to his belief that the presidential election should determine the fate of the Treaty of Versailles. ————————————————- 45.    Republican isolationists successfully turned Warren Harding’s 1920 presidential victory into a death sentence for the League of Nations. ————————————————- 46.    The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it did not include the Soviet Union * ————————————————- Chapter 31 American Life in the Roaring Twenties ————————————————- 1.        The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by the public’s association of labor violence with its fear of revolution. ————————————————- 2.        Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following; denounce “ radical” foreign ideas, condemn “ un-American” life styles, shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries, and restrict immigration. ————————————————- 3.        Business people used the red scare to break the backs of fledgling unions. ————————————————- 4.        The most tenacious pursuer of “ radical” elements during the red scare was A. Mitchell Palmer. ————————————————- 5.        The post- World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following; fundamentalist religion, opposition to birth control, repression of pacifists, anti-Catholicism. ————————————————- 6.        The KKK of the 1920s was a reaction against the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture. ————————————————- 7.        Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of the nativist belief that Northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans. ————————————————- 8.        “ Cultural pluralists” like Horace Kallen and Randolph generally advocated that immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American “ melting pot”. ————————————————- 9.        The immigration quota system adopted in the 1920s discriminated directly against Southern and Eastern Europeans. ————————————————- 10.    One of the primary obstacles to working class solidarity and organization in America was ethnic diversity. ————————————————- 11.    Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from eastern city dwellers. ————————————————- 12.    The religion of almost all Polish immigrants to America was Roman Catholics. ————————————————- 13.    Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources; agents from U. S. railroads, letters from friends and relative, agents from steamship lines, and Polish American business people. ————————————————- 14.    Most Americans assumed that prohibition would be permanent. ————————————————- 15.    The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the 1920s was Chicago. ————————————————- 16.    John Dewey can rightly be called the “ father of progressive education”. ————————————————- 17.    According to John Dewey, a teacher’s primary goal is to educate a student for life. ————————————————- 18.    Of the following, Frederick W. Taylor is least associated to John T. Scopes, Clarence Darrow, William Jennings Bryan, and Dayton, Tennessee. ————————————————- 19.    The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the issues of teaching evolution in public school. ————————————————- 20.    After the Scopes “ Monkey Trial” fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life. ————————————————- 21.    All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible; rapid expansion of capital, increased productivity of workers, perfection of assembly-line production, and advertising/credit buying. ————————————————- 22.    The main problems faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved developing expanded markets of people to buy their products. ————————————————- 23.     Bruce Barron, author of The Man Nobody Knows , expressed great admiration for Jesus Christ because Barton believed that Christ was the best advertising man of all time. ————————————————- 24.    The prosperity that developed in the 1920s was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt. ————————————————- 25.    Among the major figures promoted by mass media image makers and the new “ sports industry” in the 1920s were Bade Ruth and Jack Dempsey. ————————————————- 26.    Henry Ford’s contribution to the automobile industry was relatively cheap automobiles. ————————————————- 27.    Fredrick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best known for his promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management. ————————————————- 28.    Rubber, highway construction, oil, and glass was among the industries that prospered mightily with widespread use of the automobile. ————————————————- 29.    The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following; the consolidation of school, the spread of suburbs, a loss of population in less attractive states, and altered youthful successful behavior. ————————————————- 30.    Charles Lindbergh’s solo flight across the Atlantic made him an American hero especially because his wholesome youthfulness contrasted with the cynicism and debunking of the Jazz age. ————————————————- 31.    The first “ talkie” motion picture was The Jazz Singer. ————————————————- 32.    With the advent of radio and motion pictures, much of the rich diversity of immigrant culture was lost. —————————————–