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Volcanoes and earthquakes

focusthe point beneath the earth’s surface where the rocks break and move; origin of the earthquakeepicenterdirectly above the focus on land ONVOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowSurface WavesL waves; arrives lastly; the slowest moving but the most damaging; travel in a circular motionprimary wavesP waves; arrive first and travel through 3 phases of matter; longitudinal wavesSecondary wavesS waves; arrive secondly and travel through solids only; travel in an S patternSeismographinstrument that detects and measures seismic wavestsunamissea floor earthquakes; can travel 700-800 km/hr and reach a height of 20 metersmagmahot liquid rock found underground in magma chamberslavahot liquid rock outside the earth and comes to the surface through volcanoeshot spotusually hot regions of earth’s mantle where plumes of magma rise to the surfacepyroclastic flowviolent eruptions of gas, ash, and other tephra, thousands of degrees, can move 200 km/hrcalderalarge cratercraterwhen the top around the vent becomes bowl shapedtephrathe material thrown into the air during eruptionsmagnitudea number that characterizes the relative size of an eathquakeintensitya number describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the surface and on humans and their structureshow do P waves and S waves travel differently through the layers of the Earth? P waves travel through 3 phases of matter while S waves travel through only solidswhat is an earthquake and what causes them? An earthquakes is the shakes and trembling that results from the sudden movement in earth’s crust; faulting causes earthquakes. Why is geothermic energy used near volcanoes? It’s easier to dig to the mantle near a volcanodescribe a volcanoeither violent or gentlecinder cone volcano diagramhttp://i1095. photobucket. com/albums/i479/lynn2426/cindercone. jpgshield volcano diagramhttps://classconnection. s3. amazonaws. com/754/flashcards/1160754/png/shield_volcano1328637225626. pngcomposite volcano diagramhttp://www. enchantedlearning. com/subjects/volcano/gifs/volcanodiagram. GIFDescribe a cinder cone volcanosteep sides; generally small; has violent eruption patternDescribe a shield volcanoa mountain with broad, gently sloping sides; nearly a round base; formed by gentle eruptions and later after layer of lava accumulationsDescribe a composite volcanolarger than cinder-cone but smaller than shield; made of alternating layers of cinders and lava; gently eruption first then explosiveHow is the location of an earthquake determined? Seismologists use the difference in arrival time between P and S waves to calculate the distance between the earthquake source and the recording instrument (seismograph). how many seismic stations are needed to determine where the epicenter is? at least 3

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