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Transportation sector by 70 per cent if the

Transportation sector isone of the main harmfully effective sectors on environment, more than 95 percent of transports depend on crude oil as a source of energy, which conceder 25per cent of the CO2 emissions.  Thissector has major effect on the society and the economic growth. Also theeconomic growth rise the demand on the transport, thus transport planning musttake in consideration environmental concerns such as, air pollution and climatechange, health effects, accessibility issues and poverty eradication. Theseaspects necessitate meeting transport and growth needs in a sustainable manner.

Increasing mobility choicesfor the people and decreasing the negative impact needs a combination ofmethods that avoid unnecessary travel through good planning for transport andland use, also shifting to cleaner modes through encouraging the developmentoriented to public transit and improve the fuel and vehicle efficacy through greentechnologies. Non-existence of diversity of transport infrastructure will lead to an increase in the greenhouse emissions form the privetcars, also polluting the air of the cities, increasing traffic congestion, and damageto safety levels. Furthermore, failure to regulate urbanization will result inexcessive use of private vehicles, which often relies on fossil fuels. The UNEP Green Economy report states that the sustainable transportsector could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sectorby 70 per cent if the increased demand for mobility services is separated from dependenceon fossil fuels, which could happened through technology innovations andpolicies that support the preservation of an environment.  Achieving sustainability requires efficient vehicle technology, highquality, intelligent urban planning, a strong infrastructure for cyclists andpedestrians, an efficient public transport system and many other requirementstogether. To reach an efficient transportsystems the German developmentagency (GIZ) encourages the holistic (Avoid – Shift – Improve) approach in eachtransports types, such as Passengers/ Cargo, Land / Aviation / Marine. (SeeFigure 2)Many areasneed to be addressed to achieve this approach, including correcting policiesdirection to motivate green investment and correct external negative impacts. Thesepolicies in the transportation sector revolve around raising people’sawareness, planning land use, regulating vehicle and fuel standards, and soforth.

Also in the field of public policy, economic tax reform is one of theeffective measures. On the other hand, investment should also be made in allareas of transport. Focusing on the development of city infrastructure tosupport sustainable transport such as mass transit and non-motorized transport. The use of transportation and green vehicles need to be promoted, in additionto supportive technology and alternative fuels (for example, GPS systems andintelligent transport system). Modern communication technology is also oneinvestment opportunity that may help to improve transportation efficiency. Accordingto Leather et al.

(2009), to develop appropriate economic incentives, a shiftin funding priorities must be made. Public and private funding should beprovided for green transport for example, fuel subsidies. As well as thetransfer of resources from unsustainable transport to sustainable transport. One of the most important factors for decision-making is job creation.

Economicdebate puts green jobs on its agenda. The green job in the transport sector maybe in the operation and manufacture of trains and buses (such as subwaydrivers), also in the construction or expansion of public transportinfrastructure, non-motorized modes or railways. Also working in alternativeengines and fuels is considered a green job opportunity. Green transport jobscan include all employees of companies that contribute to the construction ofpublic transport systems such as engineers who design cities and transportsystems, and develop a vision for future implementation, and local industries, that aim to rise the efficiency of energy use by, for example, producesbicycles to logistic or operations companies. If we look at informal sector, there are questions about how green jobs such as; Tok Tok drivers, will beaffected by the transition to a green economy. There is not enough data, andusually people in several small works together.

The informal sector may lead toimprove living conditions, although some green jobs are likely to be lost. Thus, we conclude that to maintain or create green jobs, green and sustainabletransport system must be developed. InJohannesburg, South Africa, there was a need to develop the transport systemthrough design and build the bus rapid transit system (BRT). This project was implementedfirst by obtaining advice on institutional and regulation challenges andcontracting on stations and buses. Second, due to the high costs of switchingto green transportation, the project was registered in the CDM for loans andfinancial advice. Third, the city negotiated with private taxi factories to manufactureaccording to the new transportation system. This project has a great benefitespecially for poor suburban residents, which saves a lot of costs and time. Onthe other hand, the project has provided many green jobs, such as bus drivers, station workers and infrastructure.

Moreover, the system is environmentallyfriendly and limits the car congestion and air pollution.

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