Social science

Social Science Marking Scheme Class X Part I 1. 2. (a) (c) or or (b) (a) or or 3. (a) or (c) 4. (a) or (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) (a) (b) Part II 17. i. The depression affected Indian trade. ii. Indian imports as well as exports almost halved between 1928 and 1934. iii. As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged. iv. Wheat prices fell by 50% v. Although agricultural prices fell sharply yet the colonial govt. refused to reduce revenue demands. vi. The prices of raw jute also crashed to about 60%. vii. The peasants were under heavy indebtedness. viii. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 3×1= 3 OR i. The export market collapsed and the local market shrunk. ii. Imported cotton goods were cheaper and Indian weavers could not compete with them. iii. Procuring raw cotton of good quality was very difficult because the prices were very high. iv. The market was flooded with machine made goods. 12 v. Any other relevant point. Any three points. 3×1= 3 OR i. Bombay (Mumbai) developed into the biggest sea port along the Arabian sea coast. ii. It became the capital of Bombay Presidency. iii. Large number of cotton textile industries sprang up which attracted lot of labour. iv. It became the centre of film industry. v. It provided direct sea link with Europe. vi. Any other relevant point. (Any three points to be explained which attracted population to the city) 18. 3×1= 3 i. Before the printing press the reading of books was restricted to the elites only. ii. With the printing press a new reading public emerged. iii. Books reached to the wider section of the public. iv. With the print the hearing public changed into a reading public. v. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 3×1= 3 OR i. In the earlier stages women began writing stories, poems etc. ii. In early 20th century, women in South India began writing novels. iii. Their writings allowed for a new conception of womanhood. iv. Stories of love showed women who could choose or refuse, their partners and relationships. v. Some women authors wrote about the women who changed the world of both men and women. vi. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 19. 3×1= 3 i. Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing many of the practices and ritual of the Roman Catholic Church. ii. Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. iii. This led to a division within the church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation iv. Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5000 copies within a few weeks. v. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ” printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.” vi. Any other relevant point. 13 Any three points to be explained. 3×1= 3 OR i. Prem Chand’s novels are filled with all kinds of powerful Characters drawn from all levels of society. ii. The women characters are also strong individuals. iii. Prem Chand’s characters create a community based on democratic values. iv. Prem Chand’s best known work is ‘Godan’. v. It is an epic of Indian peasantry. vi. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 20. 3×1= 3 i. The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid 16th century. ii. By 1674 about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kanara languages. iii. Catholic priests first printed Tamil books in 1579 at Cochin. iv. In 1713 first Malayalam book was printed. v. English writing developed much after the coming of English East India Company. vi. Then Indians began publishing Indian newspapers. vii. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 3×1= 3 Or i. Rokeya Hossein was a social reformer. ii. She started a school for girls in Calcutta (Kolkata). iii. She wrote satiric fantasy in English. iv. It shows the world in which women will take the place of men. v. Her novel ‘Padamarag’ shows the need for women to reform their conditions themselves. vi. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 21. 3×1= 3 Resource Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. 1 Reasons 1. Resources are unevenly distributed over the country. 2. Some regions are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources. 3. There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. 4. Resources are limited. 14 5. Resource planning helps in reducing wastage. 6. Resource planning takes care of future generation. 7. Any other relevant point. Any two points to be explained. 22. 1+2= 3 Need to conserve forest and wild life resources : 1. Rapid decline in forests and wildlife population. 2. Conservation maintains the ecological balance 3. Forest depletion accelerates soil erosion. 4. Conservation is needed to protect wildlife because wildlife is threatened by man’s intervention. 5. They provide economic benefits. 6. Any other relevant point. (Any three reasons to be explained) 23. 3×1= 3 Reasons of scarcity of water : 1. Rapidly growing population. 2. Rising demand of food and cash crops. 3. Water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry seasons agriculture. 4. Industrialisation 5. Any other relevant reason. (Any three reasons to be explained) 24. 3×1= 3 a. Sinhala to be the official language of Srilanka b. Preferential policy of Sinhalese in government educational institutions and jobs c. To foster Buddhism d. Any other relevant point 3×1= 3 Any three points. 25. Social divisions take place when some social difference overlaps with other differences, the difference between blacks and whites become a social division in the US because they tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against. If social differences cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. Consider the cases of Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. Both are predominantly Christians but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other. If you are Catholic, you are also likely to be poor and you may have suffered a history of discrimination. In the Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich. The result is that Catholics and Protestants have had conflicts in Northern Ireland, while they do not do so in the Netherlands. Overlapping social 15 differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate. 26. First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular, it becomes difficult to accommodate. b. Secondly, it depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. c. Thirdly, it depends on how the govt. reacts to the demands of different groups. Minorities should also be taken care of with the majority. i. The literacy rate among women is only 54% as compared to 76% among men. ii. Proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. iii. The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work but in practice it is not so. iv. 27. a. Parents in majority still prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted. Any three points. 28. 3×1= 3 Following indicators are generally used for comparison of economic development of different nations / states : i. Per capita income : It helps in comparison of the level of development of different regions within the country or different nations. ii. Infant Mortality rate : It refers to deaths among children before the age of one year per thousand children born in a year. iii. Literacy rate : It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. iv. Life expectancy : Average expected length of life of a person. v. Gross enrolment ratio : For three levels for primary, secondary and higher education. vi. Persons living below poverty line (any three) measuring through income and expenditure method. Any three points. 29. 3×1= 3 Public facilities refer to facilities, which a person cannot arrange at individual level, these are provided by government. Following are the main public facilities: i. Pollution free environment ii. Good infrastructure like roads, transport etc. iii. Collective security for the whole locality iv. Opening schools, colleges and hospitals v. Taking preventive steps from infectious diseases vi. Provision for safe drinking water, sanitation facilities etc. 16 vii. Provision for public distribution system (or any other relevant points) Any three points to be described. 30. 3×1= 3 The three types of unemployment found in India are : i. Disguised unemployment ii. Seasonal unemployment iii. Structural unemployment iv. Cyclical unemployment v. Technological unemployment (Explain any three) 31. 3×1= 3 i. Workers are paid less wages, there is no job security, ii. Working conditions are poor. iii. They have to work for long hours. They can be protected by making some rules and regulations by the government. 3×1= 3 32. i. Rinderpest was carried by infected cattle imported by British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa. ii. Rinderpest spread like forest fire. iii. Within few years it affected the whole of Africa killing 90% of the cattle. iv. The loss of cattle forced the Africans into the labour market. v. The scarce resources were under the European colonizers who conquered and subdued Africa vi. Any other relevant point Any four points to be explained. 4×1= 4 OR i. There was no shortage of labour at that period of time. ii. Installation of machinery required large capital investment which the industrialists did not want to invest. iii. In seasonal industries only seasonal labour was required iv. Intricate designs and different samples required human skills only. v. In Victorian age – the aristocrats and other upper class people preferred articles made by hand. vi. Any other relevant point. (any four points to the explained) 4×1= 4 OR i. Living in unhygienic slums was very dangerous for the poor. ii. Slums were also harmful not to the slum dwellers but also to the general public. 17 iii. In slums there was always fear of fire hazards. iv. After the Russian revolution of 1917, it was felt that the people who are slum dwellers may not rebel. v. Any other relevant point (any four points) 33. 4×1= 4 Contribution of agriculture Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. Its share in providing employment and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 per cent in 2001. Steps taken by the Government. 1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research established. 2. Agricultural Universities are established. 3. Veterinary services are provided. 4. Animal breeding centre are opened. 5. Infrastructure like roads, electricity cold storage etc is being developed. 6. Development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast were given priority. 7. Any other relevant point. Any three points to be explained. 34. 3×1= 3 There are two or more levels of government. b. The jurisdiction of the respective tiers of government are specified in the constitution. c. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and powers of different levels of government. d. 35. a. Sources of revenue of each level of government are specified to ensure its financial autonomy. 4×1= 4 More employment in rural areas can be created by : a. Constructing dams, canals or digging wells in villages. b. Creating storage facilities and providing transport services. c. Agro based industries can be set up in rural areas or semi belts. d. Construction of schools. e. Making provision for education and health service in rural belts can also result in employments. f. Promoting rural crafts and rural tourism is also an employment generation proposal. 18 36. See attached map for answer For Blind Candidates 36. 1 Varies from red to brown 36. 2 Periyar 36. 3 Rajasthan Map Work (Question No. 36 & 36 (or) FOREST AND MOUNTAINOUS SOIL c RAJASTHAN a HIRAKUD KARNATAKA 3 2 PERIYAR 19 b SUNDER BAN NATIONAL PARK 1