Self-test

SELF-TEST After completing this self-test, check your answers in the Answer Key of this Study Guide. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Who studies the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human population? a. population experts b. growth specialists c. demographers d. social development professionals 2. The proposition that the population grows geometrically while the food supply increases arithmetically is known as the: a. food surplus equation. b. Malthus theorem. c. exponential growth curve. d. demographic transition. 3. Which of the following statements is consistent with beliefs of the Anti-Malthusians? a. People will blindly reproduce until there is no room left on earth. b. It is possible to project the world’s current population growth into the indefinite future. c. Most people do not use intelligence and rational planning when it comes to having children. d. The demographic transition provides an accurate picture of what the future looks like. 4. The three-stage historical process of population growth is known as the: a. demographic equation. b. demographic transition. c. exponential growth curve. d. implosion growth curve. 5. The process by which a country’s population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate is: a. population transfer. b. population annihilation. c. population shrinkage. d. population depletion. 6. Starvation occurs because: a. there is not enough fertile land worldwide on which to grow food. b. some parts of the world lack food while other parts of the world produce more than they can consume. c. population is growing at a faster rate than the world’s ability to produce food. d. people do not eat a well-balanced diet. 7. People in the Least Industrialized Nations have so many children because: a. parenthood provides status. b. children are considered to be an economic asset. c. the community encourages people to have children. d. all of the above. 8. For conflict theorists, the explanation for why women in poor nations have so many children is that: a. women derive special meaning from children. b. children’s labor can be exploited by their parents. c. men control women’s reproductive choices. d. women use sex as a means of control over men. 9. Mexico’s current population will double in __________ years. a. 18 b. 42 c. 58 d. 78 10. To illustrate population dynamics, demographers use: a. population growth charts. b. population pyramids. c. fertility rates. d. demographic models. 11. The factors that influence population growth are called: a. demographic variables. b. demographic transitions. c. demographic equations. d. demographic constants. 12. __________ refers to the number of children the average woman bears. a. Fertility rate b. Fecundity c. Crude birth rate d. Real birth rate 13. The annual number of deaths per 1, 000 population is the: a. crude death rate. b. crude mortality rate. c. crude life expectancy rate. d. net death rate. 14. What factors might push someone to migrate? a. poverty b. lack of religious and political freedom c. political persecution d. all of the above. 15. Around the globe, the flow of migration is generally from: a. Most Industrialized Nations to Least Industrialized Nations b. one of the Least Industrialized Nation to another one. c. Least Industrialized Nations to Industrializing Nations. d. Least Industrialized Nations to Most Industrialized Nations. 16. According to your text, why is it difficult to forecast population growth? a. Government programs may encourage or discourage women from having children. b. Government bureaus may be dishonest in reporting data. c. There is a lack of computer programs to deal with data adequately. d. Births, deaths, and migration are human behaviors and thus impossible to predict. 17. China’s practice of female infanticide is rooted in: a. sexism. b. economics. c. traditions that go back centuries. d. all of the above. 18. The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities is: a. suburbanization. b. gentrification. c. megalopolitanism. d. urbanization. 19. What does today’s rapid urbanization mean? a. More people live in cities. b. Today’s cities are larger. c. About 300 of the world’s cities contain at least one million people. d. All of the above. 20. The area that extends from Maine along the coast to Virginia is an example of: a. urban sprawl. b. population congestion. c. megalopolis. d. metropolis. 21. What is a megacity? a. A city of 10 million or more residents b. A city that is at the center of a megalopolis. c. A city with a multitude of problems. d. A central city of at least 50, 000 people and the urbanized areas linked to it. 22. Edge cities: a. consist of a clustering of shopping malls, hotels, office parks, and residential areas near the intersection of major highways. b. overlap political boundaries and include parts of several cities or towns. c. provide a sense of place to those who live there. d. all of the above. 23. Who first proposed the concentric-zone model? a. Herbert Gans b. Ernest Burgess c. Robert Park d. Homer Hoyt 24. When a new group of immigrants enter a city, they tend to settle in low-rent areas. As their numbers increase, those already living in the area begin to move out; their departure creates more low-cost housing for the immigrants. Sociologists refer to this process as: a. progressive population replacement. b. reverse gentrification. c. cycle of assimilation. d. invasion-succession cycle. 25. The model that suggests that land use in cities is based on several centers, such as a clustering of restaurants or automobile dealerships is the: a. sector model. b. concentric-zone model. c. multiple-nuclei model. d. commerce model. 26. Louis Wirth argued that city undermines: a. kinship and neighborhood. b. economy and politics. c. religion. d. police. 27. According to Gans’ typology, the trapped include: a. downwardly mobile persons. b. elderly persons. c. alcoholics and drug addicts. d. all of the above. 28. The Kitty Genovese case in an example of: a. ethnic villagers. b. cosmopolites. c. diffusion of responsibility. d. community. 29. What is suburbanization? a. movement from the suburbs to edge cities b. movement from the city to the suburbs c. movement from rural areas to suburbs d. displacement of the poor by the relatively affluent who renovate the farmer’s homes 30. What has facilitated the rural rebound? a. inflation b. globalization c. improvements in transportation and communications d. divorce TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS T F 1. Thomas Malthus said that population grows arithmetically and the food supply grows geometrically. T F 2. The exponential growth curve is based on the idea that if growth doubles during approximately equal intervals of time, it accelerates in the later stages. T F 3. Stage 2 of the demographic transition involves a “ population explosion. ” T F 4. The major reason why people in the Least Industrialized Nations have so many children is because they do not know how to prevent conception. T F 5. Anti-Malthusians say, just as they predicted, that birth rates are falling. T F 6. Machismo is the emphasis on femininity and submissiveness. T F 7. Population pyramids represent a population, divided into race, age, and sex. T F 8. Demographers study fertility, mortality, and migration to predict population trends. T F 9. The fecundity rate is the number of children the average woman bears. T F 10. The rate and extent of urbanization in recent years is new to the world scene. T F 11. In 2007, more than ½ of the world’s populations will live in cities. T F 12. A megacity is a city of 1 million or more residents. T F 13. About 3 in 5 Americans live in just fifty or so metropolitan statistical areas. T F 14. The concentric-zone model is based on the idea that cities expand from their central business district outward. T F 15. The multiple-nuclei model is the most accurate model of urban growth. T F 16. The Urban Villagers was written by Herbert Gans. T F 17. The norms of noninvolvement and the diffusion of responsibility can be dysfunction in some critical situations. T F 18. The Suburban Rebound is due to the desire to retreat to a safe haven. T F 19. When banks redline, the quality of life in the neighborhoods generally improves. T F 20. Enterprise zones tend to be very successful for cities. FILL-IN QUESTIONS 1. _________ is the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations. 2. A(n) _________ is a graphic presentation of a population, divided into age and sex. 3. Conflict theorists point out that a declining standard of living often poses the threat of ________ instability. 4. Three oil-rich countries of the world–Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates–have the _________ death rate. 5. The higher the level of education that an immigrant has, the more likely he/she will ________ more than he/she ____________ regarding the economy. 6. To reduce the number of children, China has a __________ national policy. 7. A demographic condition in which women bear only enough children to reproduce the population is ____________. 8. __________ refers to masses of people moving to cities and to these cities having a growing influence in society. 9. An overlapping area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs is a __________. 10. Robert Park coined the term ___________ to describe how people adapt to their environment. 11. The ___________ model can exist within the concentric-zone model of urban growth. 12. The urban growth model that portrays the impact of radial highways on the movement of people and services away from the central city to its outskirts is the __________ model. 13. __________ is a sense of not belonging and a feeling that no one cares what happens to you. 14. __________ are a city’s students, intellectuals, professionals, musicians, artists, and entertainers. 15. Darley and Latane uncovered, in their research that the more bystanders there are in a situation the __________ likely people are to offer help.