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Responsibility ethnic cleansings in rwanda and yugoslavia. kofi

Responsibility to Protect’ was areport presented in International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty(ICISS) which was developed by Government of Canada in December 2001. Thedevelopment of ‘ Responsibility to Protect’ has a long tragic history; thehumanitarian atrocities committed in Rwanda, Yugoslavia and Kosovo in 1990sgenerated a new debate on the role of International community on the preventionof the use of force, violation of human rights and maintenance of peace.

In Rwanda, 800, 000 members of Tutsi minority were murdered from April to July 1994, whilein Yugoslavia by 1995 almost 100, 000 minority Muslim Serbs were killed. Whatwas unique about these humanitarian crises was that these were deliberateactions of recognized government of sovereign states. The gross humanitarian catastrophicevents witnessed in this period changed the entire approach of Internationalcommunity towards State Sovereignty.  Earlierto these events the State sovereignty was considered absolute and interventionof any sort was considered violation of International customary law. The State sovereigntywas unbreacheble therefore the Internationalcommunity was unable to stop these genocides and ethnic cleansings in Rwanda andYugoslavia. Kofi Annan the then Secretary-General of United Nation inMillennium Report of 2000, expressed dissatisfaction over the inabilities ofSecurity council and International Community at large for their insufficientrole in deterring these humanitarian crisis. Kofi Anna in the same sessionfamously In response to thesechallenges and possible threats, member states in United Nation World Summit2005 endorsed and accepted Responsibility to protect, whereby all member statesformally acknowledged the responsibility their respective state to ensure thewelfare and protection of their population as a pre condition to Absolute or unbreachebleState Sovereignty. If a stateis unwilling or unable to protect its population then according to R2P, International Community has ‘ residual responsibility’ or ‘ shared responsibility’to play its role in ending or discouraging crime against humanity, ethniccleansings, war crimes and genocides.

It aims to create a secure world free ofany humanitarian crises. Thesis Statement: Although R2P was a genuine effort by theUnited Nation to assist the humanitarian causes more effectively and efficientlybut sill it has failed to end the problem of deadlock in the United NationSecurity Council. R2P at the cost of just one veto is considered void.  The idealistic notion of ‘ Shared responsibility’under R2P is ineffective because States still put their Individual Interestahead and makes no compromise to it.

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