1,535
25
Essay, 5 pages (1200 words)

Psychology chapter 11 test questions

Intelligencethe ability toLearn from experienceSolve problems (abstract concepts and speed)Use knowledge to adapt to new situations

conceptPsychologists believe intelligence is a

reificationviewing an abstract immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing.

general mental abilityIntelligence tests measure

aptitude testsdesigned to measure potential of the test taker; predict how they will perform in the future

achievement testsgauge a person’s mastery and knowledge of various subjects

standardizedthe uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test

1. Test-makers give the test to a sample of people. 2. Individuals who later take the same test have their scores compared to the initial (standard) set of scores. 3. These standard scores are updated periodically. In other words, standardized tests tell you how you score relative to other test takers. To enable meaningful comparison

Percentile scoreindicates the percentage of people who score the same or higher than the score one has obtained.

consistent resultsA test is reliable when it yields

Split-half ReliabilityDividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are.

Reliability using different testsUsing different forms of the test to measure consistency between them

Test-Retest ReliabilityUsing the same test on two occasions to measure consistency

what the test is supposed to measure or predict. Validity of a test refers to

1. Content Validit2. Predictive Validity3. Construct Validitythree types of validity

Content ValidityRefers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait

Predictive ValidityRefers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait

Construct Validitythe extent to which evidence shows that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct (intelligence, creativity, personality)

Sir Francis Galtonnotable for his studies on genetic influence of intelligence

intelligence is passed from generation to generation through genes. Galton concluded that success runs in families because

Galton__________coined the phrase nature vs. nurture to refer to the heredity-environment issue.

GaltonLeader in the eugenics movement

eugenicsbelief that only genetically “ superior”

Alfred Binet: (1905)devised a test to identify mentally subnormal children who could benefit from special education programs in France

Binet-Simon scalescale expressed a child’s score in terms of mental age

mental agethe chronological age that corresponds to the difficulty of questions a child can answer

Lewis Termanadapted Binet’s tests as the Stanford-Binet IQ test

Intelligence Quotienta child’s mental age divided by chronological age (created by William Stern)

Lewis TermanPromoted the use of widespread intelligence testing

David Wechslercreated the first high-quality IQ test designed specifically for adults

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS)

1. Included non-verbal reasoning skills. 2. Discarded IQ in favor of a new scoring scheme based on the normal distribution, which is now used by most intelligence testsTwo major innovations of the WAIS

Charles Spearmanpioneer in use of factor analysis

factor analysiscorrelations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

the “ g” factora general mental ability.

Intellectual disabilityrefers to subnormal general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills

intellectually disabledchildren with an IQ below 70-75 are deemed

Down syndromemarked by distinctive physical characteristicsmost cases carry extra chromosome

Phenylketonuria (PKU)metabolic disorder caused by inherited enzyme deficiency

Hydrocephalyexcessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull destroys brain tissue

1. Down syndrome2. Phenylketonuria (PKU)3. Hydrocephalyorganic conditions that can cause mental retardation

130Gifted children usually have an IQ at

1. high intelligence2. high creativity3. high motivationWhether one becomes an eminent adultdepends on three intersecting factors:

Savant syndromerare condition in which people with developmental disorders have one or more areas of expertise, ability, or brilliance that are in contrast with the individual’s overall limitations

twin studiesIn order to assess the plausibility of genetic determination of intelligence, researches use

+. 86similarThe average correlation between identical twins’ is ___ indicating that identical twins tend to be quite ________ in intelligence

+. 60Fraternal twins’ average correlation is

environmentAdoption studies showcase the influence ofon intelligence

biologicalAdopted children closely resemble their _______parents in intelligence

statistically significant and positiveHowever correlations for adopted children and their adoptive parents are

increasedEvidence is showing that performance on IQ tests has steadily ____________over generations.

“ Flynn Effect” Evidence showing that performance on IQ tests has steadily increased over generations.

lowerThe average IQ for many minority groups in the US is somewhat _____________than the average white American.

hereditySome psychologists conclude the discrepancy between racial IQs results from

environmentSome researchers conclude that ___________not heredity, is the cause of ethic differences in IQ.

disadvantaged environmentMinority students test scores are lower because these students tend to grow up in a

More likely to come from large or single-parent families. Exposed to fewer books and outlets for learning. Have poorer role models for language development. Experience less encouragement to work hard on intellectual pursuits. Attend schools that are underfunded and understaffed. Grow up in neighborhoods where “ street smarts” are more revered than “ book smarts”. Suffer from malnutrition. In comparison to middle and upper classes, lower class children are

Claude Steelargued that negative stereotypes of stigmatized groups’ intellectual abilities create feeling of vulnerability in the classroom

stereotype threat. negative stereotypes of stigmatized groups’ intellectual abilities create feeling of vulnerability

Gray matterneural density of cell bodies and dendrites; predictive of information-processing capabilities

White matterquantity of axons and their degree of myelin insulation; predicative of the efficiency of neural communication.

1. Good genes could foster both higher intelligence and resilient health. 2. Health self-care is a life-long mission for which brighter people are better prepared. 3. Intelligence fosters career success and higher social status reduces mortality. Studies suggest three possible reasons forsmarter people live longer:

Robert Sternbergfocuses his research on how people use their intelligence.

1. analytical intelligence2. creative intelligence3. practical intelligencethree facets that characterize the “ triarchic theory”

analytical intelligenceabstract reasoning, evaluation and judgment

creative intelligenceability to generate new ideas and be inventive in dealing with novel problems

practical intelligenceapplication and use for everyday tasks

Howard Gardnerbelieved that IQ tests emphasize verbal and mathematical skills to the exclusion of other important skills

1. Verbal-Linguistic2. Logical- Mathematical3. Bodily-Kinesthetic4. Visual-Spatial5. Musical-Rhythmic6. Interpersonal7. Intrapersonal8. NaturalisticHoward Gardner’s list of multiple intelligences

3before the age of __ intelligence tests generally do not predict future scores

predictive validityThe _______________________ of intelligence tests is not as high as their reliability

intelligencea certain level of ___________ is necessary but not sufficient for creativity

savant syndromeThe existence of _______ reinforces the generally accepted notion that intelligence is a multidimensional quality

creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. increases social isolation between the groups. promotes racial segregation and prejudice. Sorting children into gifted and nongifted education groups

predict school performance in children. The test created by Alfred Binet was designed specifically to

reificationBy creating a label such as “ gifted,” we begin to act as if all children are naturally divided into two categories, gifted and nongifted. This logical error is referred to as:

Reificationthe error of creating a concept and then assuming the created concept has a concrete reality

William SternThe formula for the intelligence quotient was devised by

the amount by which the test-taker’s performance deviates from the average performance of others the same ageCurrent intelligence tests compute an individual’s intelligence score as

7By which age does a child’s performance on an intelligence tests stabilize?

the children were healthy and well-adjusted, and did well academicallyIn his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that

About 1% of the population is mentally retarded. More males than females are mentally retarded. A majority of the mentally retarded can learn academic skills. Which of the following statements is true?

spatial abilitiesHigh levels of male hormones during prenatal development may enhance

Neither education level nor intelligence scores accurately predict incomeWhich of the following is not cited as evidence of the reciprocal relationship between schooling and intelligence?

Both genes and life experiences significantly influence performance on intelligence tests. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the text’s position regarding the relative contribution of genes and environment in determining intelligence?

Thank's for Your Vote!
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 1
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 2
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 3
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 4
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 5
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 6
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 7
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 8
Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Page 9

This work, titled "Psychology chapter 11 test questions" was written and willingly shared by a fellow student. This sample can be utilized as a research and reference resource to aid in the writing of your own work. Any use of the work that does not include an appropriate citation is banned.

If you are the owner of this work and don’t want it to be published on AssignBuster, request its removal.

Request Removal
Cite this Essay

References

AssignBuster. (2022) 'Psychology chapter 11 test questions'. 3 October.

Reference

AssignBuster. (2022, October 3). Psychology chapter 11 test questions. Retrieved from https://assignbuster.com/psychology-chapter-11-test-questions/

References

AssignBuster. 2022. "Psychology chapter 11 test questions." October 3, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/psychology-chapter-11-test-questions/.

1. AssignBuster. "Psychology chapter 11 test questions." October 3, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/psychology-chapter-11-test-questions/.


Bibliography


AssignBuster. "Psychology chapter 11 test questions." October 3, 2022. https://assignbuster.com/psychology-chapter-11-test-questions/.

Work Cited

"Psychology chapter 11 test questions." AssignBuster, 3 Oct. 2022, assignbuster.com/psychology-chapter-11-test-questions/.

Get in Touch

Please, let us know if you have any ideas on improving Psychology chapter 11 test questions, or our service. We will be happy to hear what you think: [email protected]