Psych 4 exam#1

The belief that there is no distinction between the physical brain and the mind represents the position known asmaterialistic monismThe most important contribution made by Descartes wassuggesting a physical explanation of behavior. ONPSYCH 4 EXAM#1 SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowAccording to the hydraulic model of the nervous systemnerves were hollow tubes that allowed fluid ” animal spirits” to flow through them. The 19th-century idea that that over 35 different mental faculties were located in specific parts of the brain was calledphrenologyIn the mid-1800s, studies of brain damaged patients convinced researchers thatnone of the aboveWhich of the following is believed to have a genetic basis? All of the aboveJohn is heterozygous for brown eyes, and his son Brad is homozygous for brown eyes. Which of the following statements is TRUE? John and Brad have the same phenotype but different genotypes. Which of the following is NOT true of gene activity? Once genes become inactive (turned off), they remain inactive. Which of the following traits has the highest degree of heritability? HeightThe best way to think about the relationship among genetics, environment, and intelligence is thatgenetics sets the potential range and environment determines the actual capacity of intelligence. A theory isan explanation for specific observations about some phenomenon. A study that allow researchers to determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between two variables is calledan experimental study. If researchers studying the nervous system want to find and identify cell bodies of neurons, they are MOST likely to use which of the following techniques? nissl stainingA stereotaxic instrument may be used toall of the aboveWhich of the following brain imaging techniques involves the use of X-rays? CTCompared to monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins show ______________ concordance rate for schizophrenia. a lowerAntisense RNA (gene-disabling) technology involvesinterfering with protein construction controlled by the geneRegarding animal research guidelines, which of the following is FALSE? Procedures involving pain may not be performed on primates. The MAIN advantage of fMRI brain imaging technique compared with MRI is thatit provides both an anatomical and functional view of the brain. The biggest obstacle to using stem cells in medical research would be eliminated if researchers could getnone of the aboveA neuron that transmits information between the central nervous system and a muscle is called amotor neuronWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the action potentials generated by a neuron? They are always the same strength. In myelinated axons, action potentialsoccur only at the gaps in the myelin sheath called the nodes of Ranvier. Glial cells have been shown to perform all of the following functions EXCEPTtransmitting action potentialsTemporal summation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) causes the membrane interior of the postsynaptic neuron to becomemore negativeIn an artificial neural network, MOST of the processing occurs in which layer of neurons? hiddenThe preforontal cortex is involved in all of the following functions EXCEPTbody positioning and movementThe somatosensory cortex is located in the __________________ lobe. parietalWhich of the following statements regarding the corpus callosum is FALSE? It is located in the midbrain. Which of the following is an example of brain reorganization? all of the aboveAlcohol is BEST classified as a _______________ drug. depressantWhich of the following drugs influence the activity of GABA? all of the abovePsychedelic drugs often produce hallucinations bystimulating serotonin receptorsThe MOST compelling reason to believe that marijuana is an addictive substance is thatanimals will self-administer itWhich stimulant increases arousal level through blocking of adenosine receptors? caffeineRecent evidence regarding the role of dopamine in learning suggests thatdopamine is more likely to be released when a reinforcer is unpredictable. Which of the following characteristics typifies early-onset alcoholics? They tend to be novelty seekers. Agonist treatments for drug addictionmimic the drug’s effectPeople with the A1 alleleare more likely to be alcoholics. Which of the following will increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (mesolimbocortial dopamine system)? all of the aboveThe view of modern psychologists regarding instincts is thatthey exist in lower organisms but either not in humans or only in minimal form. In homeostasis, the set point isa level of equilibrium to which the system strives to return. During the absorptive phase of digestion, some of the glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and mucles. The difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa isanorexia nervosa includes excessive exercising, binge/purge cycles, and caloric restriction while bulimia nervosa is limited to binge/purge cycles. Compulsive eating and drug abuse are both associated with __________ in ___________ receptors. deficits; D2Males have a sexual _______________ period while females do not. refractoryWhich brain area is most important for sexual responses of both sexes? medial preoptic areaThe neurotransmitter ________________ is released in the __________ and this mirrors behavior during the Coolidge effect. dopamine, nucleus accumbensWhich of the following is true with regard to the causation of homosexuality? Homosexuality appears to be partly biologically determined. Which of the following statements regarding pheromones in humans is FALSE? Pheromones have been linked to sexual attraction, but not sexual behavior.