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Essay, 6 pages (1400 words)

Providing first aid

Define first aidimmediate care that is given to the victim of an accident or illnessusing the correct first aid methods can mean the difference between? Life and death or recovery and permanent disabilityThe type of first aid treatment you provide will vary depending on several factors. List three factors that may affect any action taken. type of injury or illness, environment, equipment or supplies availableIdentify three senses that can alert you to an emergency. Listen for unusual sounds, look for unusual sights, not any odors. What action should you take if you notice that it is not safe to approach the scene of an accident? Call for medical help and allow medical professions to take overWhat is the first thing you should determine when you get to the victim? whether victim is consciousWhy is it important to avoid moving a victim whenever possible? victim can be injured more severely by improper movementWhat kind of information should be reported when calling emergency medical services? situation, actions taken, exact locationWhat should you do if a person refuses to give consent for care? do not proceed with care, if possible, have someone witness refusal of careWhat is triage? method of prioritizing treatmentIdentify 3 life-threatening emergencies that must be cared for first. no breathing, difficult in breathing, no pulseList 3 sources of information you can use to find out the details regarding an accident, injury or illness. victim, others present, items noted at sceneHow can you reassure the victim? present a confident , calm attitude. Why shouldn’t you discuss the victim’s condition with observers at the scene? to maintain confidentiality and protect victims right to privacyWhile providing first aid to the victim, make every attempt to avoid further________provide only the treatment you are__________to provide. Injury, qualifiedWhat is the difference between a closed wound and an open wound? open wound has a break in skin and a closed wound does not. First aid care for wounds must be directed at controlling____and preventing__________. bleeding, infectionScrape on the skinabrasionCut or injury by sharp objectIncisionJagged irregular injury with tearinglacerationWound caused by sharp pointed objectpunctureTissue torn or separated from bodyavulsionBody part cut offamputationArterial bloodspurts from wound, heavy blood loss, bright red in colorVenous bloodslower, steadier, dark red or maroon, constant but easier to controlCapillary bloodoozes from wound , less red than arterial, clots easilyList the 4 methods for controlling bleeding in the order in which should be used. Direct pressure, elevation, pressure bandages, pressure on pressure pointsName 2 item that can be used to form a protective barrier while controlling bleeding. gloves, plastic wrapThe main pressure point for the arm is the _______. The main pressure point in the leg is the __________. brachial artery, femoral arteryList 2 ways to prevent infection while caring for minor wounds without severe bleeding. wash hands, wear gloves5 signs of infectionswelling, heat, redness, pain, fever. If a tetanus infection is a possibility, what first aid is necessary? Obtain medical advice regarding protection with tetanus shot. How should objects embedded deep in the tissue be removed? by a physician2 signs and symptoms of a closed woundpain, tenderness2 first aid treatments for a victim of a closed woundget medical help, check breathingWhat other condition must you be prepared to treat while caring for wounds? shockAt all times, remain_____while providing first aid. Obtain_____care as soon as possible. calm, medicalDefine shocka clinical set of signs and various symptoms that are associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organsname the two main body organs affected by an inadequate supply of blood. brain, heartShock caused by an acute infectionsepticHeart cannot pump effectively because heat muscle is damaged. cardiogenicSevere bleeding leads to a decrease in blood volumehemorrhagicHypersensitive or allergic reaction causes body to release histamineanaphylacticEmotional distress causes sudden dilation of blood vesselspsychogenicLoss of body fluid causes disruption in normal acid-base balance of bodymetabolicTwo signs or symptoms of shockpale skin or cyanotic, skin cool. Treatment for shock is directed at eliminating the ____, improving___, providing___, and maintaining____. cause of shock, circulation, adequate oxygen, body temperature. Victim with neck or spine injuries. do not move the victimVictim vomiting or bleeding from the mouthturn the victim on sideVictim with respiratory distressraise victims head and shouldersPosition if none of the previous conditions is presentlying flat with feet raised approximately 12 inchesA shock victim at an accident scene has been covered with blanket. You notice the victim is perspiring. What should you do? remove some blankets to avoid overheating the victimList 2 ways that poisoning can be causedingestion, inhalationTreatment for poisoning will vary depending on the ____of poison, the ____involved, and the method of. type, injury, contactHow should you position an unconscious poisoning victim who is breathing? on the sideWhat is the first thing to do when a victim swallows a poison? call poison control centerList three types of information that should be given to a poison control center or physicianname of poison, how much was taken, when poisoning occurred. What should you do if a conscious poison victim vomits? save a sample of the vomited materialList 2 ways to induce vomitingtickle the back of the victims throat, give warm salt waterWhy is activated charcoal used after a poisoning victim vomits? to bind the poison so it is not absorbed into the bodyTwo types of poison victims in whom vomiting should not be induced. unconscious and victim who swallowed an acid or alkaliWhat is the first step of treatment for a victim who has been poison by inhaling gas? remove the victim from the areaHow do you treat victims poisoned by chemicals splashing on the skin? use large amounts of water to dilute the substance and remove it from the skinTwo signs of an allergic reaction to an injected poisonredness, swelling at siteDefine burninjury caused by fire, heat, chemical agent, radiation or electricity. A superficial burnred, mild swelling, painA partial-thickness burnblister, skin red or mottled, surface appears wet, swelling painful. A full-thickness burnwhite or charred appearance, severe pain or painlessFist aid treatment for burns is directed at removing____, cooling____covering____, relieving___, observing and treating______ and preventing______. source of heat, skin area, burn pain, shock, infectionIdentify 2 times when medical care should be obtained for burn victims. burns on more than 15% of surface of adult (10% in a child), victim having difficulty breathing. What is the main treatment for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns? flushing area with large amounts of waterWhy is sterile dressing applied to a burn? prevent infectionIf blisters appear on a burn, how should you treat these? do not break or open themHow should severe partial-thickness or full-thickness burns should be treated? call medical help immediately and cover with thick sterile dressingsIf chemicals or irritating gasses burn the eyes, how should the eye be treated? flush with large amounts of water for 15-30 minutes until medical help arrivesWhy is shock frequently noted in victims with severe burns? loss of body fluids (dehydration) occurs quicklyTwo factors that affect the degree of injury caused by exposure to the cold. wind velocity, amount of humidityTwo symptoms that can result form prolonged exposure to the cold. shivering, numbnessTwo first aid treatment for hypothermiamove to warm area, remove wet clothingWhat is a frostbite? freezing of the tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues. Two symptoms of frostbite? black burnt skin, whit or red colorName 4 common sites for frostbitefingers, toes, ears, nose, cheeksWhat temperature water should be used to warm a body part injured by frostbite? 100-104 F or 37. 8-40 CWhy is it important not to rub or massage a body part affected by frostbite? rubbing may cause gangreneHow should you treat blisters that form on frost-damaged skin? avoid opening or breaking blisters. Why do you place sterile gauze between fingers or toes that have been injured by frostbite? prevent them from rubbing and causing further injuryTwo sources of information you can use to help determine what illness a victim has. information from the victim , medical alert bracelets or necklacesTwo signs and symptoms of a heart attack. painful pressure under sternum, pain radiating to shoulders, arms, neck and jaw, intense shortness of breath. Two first aid treatments for a heart attack victimencourage victim to relax, obtain medical helpTwo signs and symptoms of a strokenumbness, paralysisTwo first aid treatments for a strokemaintain respiration, lie victim flat or on sideIf early symptoms of fainting are noted , how should you position the victim? lying down or sitting in a chair with head at level of kneesTwo points of first aid care for a victim who has fainted. maintain open air way, check for injuresWhat is a convulsion? violent involuntary contraction of muscles. First aid care for the victim with a convulsion is directed at preventing_____. self-injuryShould padded tongue blade or soft object be placed between the victims teeth during a convulsion? NoWhy is it important not to use force or restrain the muscle movement during a convulsion? force causes the contractions to become severeIn a victim with diabetes, an increase in the level of glucose or sugar in the blood can lead to a condition called_____and an excess amount of insulin can lead to a condition called______diabetic coma, insulin shockTwo signs and symptoms of diabetic coma. confusion, weaknessWhat is the main treatment for diabetic coma? obtain medical assistance as soon as possibleTwo signs and symptoms of insulin shockmuscle weakness, mental confusionWhat is the main treatment for insulin shock? give victim some form of sugar

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