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Police history

Police HistoryErnesto RivasCJA/214Police HistoryIn the infancy of policing the early colonists followed the English style of policing; monitoring the community on behaviors, moral, and civil obligations rather than criminal issues. Citizens performed these policing duties and were referred to as a civic duty, no training or pay was offered for these services. The wealthy citizens that did not want to serve their watch began to pay others to do their duty for them.

Philadelphia began to offer monetary compensation for the citizens in 1658 for their service and jail wardens began to employ watchmen and increased their responsibilities and offered a salary. As villages and towns began to form crime increased and the need for motoring the citizens became a priority, colonies began to develop a system of sheriffs similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. These sheriffs and constables patrolled the community for approved religious attendance and proper animal??™s restraints on farms. They also collected taxes and served court papers for a fee. They were not too worried about crimes being committedIn the 1840??™s policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime. Guidelines improved relations between the community and the newly established police officers.

The community thought that the police officers should wear a uniform to distinguish them from the citizens. As society and the economy began to change crime increased and the need to establish a more effective and active form of policing effort became necessary. In 1884, paid officers established the first full time force in New York and 24 hour patrol coverage. The aldermen chose citizens to be officers in each district and have their own authority. The frontier in the 1840??™s was a different story; the absence of government left a confusing form of policing.

The U. S. marshals enforced federal laws only and these positions filled by political influences, and had no training or pay. Private Citizens, vigilantes, bounty hunters, and deputized possess served as law enforcement in the territories and Indian land. The majority of the time businessmen hired citizens for private security and to reduce the violence and stealing that plaque the town they lived in. By the 1920??™s a leading figure in policing arose his name was August Vollmer. August Vollmer received credited for many methods of policing that focused more on law enforcement and crime. He established police schools and using intelligence test to screen applicants, encouraged the use of experts and scientific procedures for processing and solving crimes.

Police work standardized with procedures and specialized units like drug and gang units. A big factor in the form of policing in America was Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel is known as the father of modern policing. He established the metropolitan police force for London in 1829. Sir Robert Peel??™s influence on American policing can still be seen today as we use his nine principles of policing which are:? The basic mission for whom the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.

? The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.? Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.? The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.? Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.

? Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient.? Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.? Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.? The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. Sir Robert Peel??™s nine principles have influenced policing threw out the world for so long that the changes that come with time will not affect his concept and methods that he established. The relationship between the US government and the local police must have an open line of communication for the benefit of each department. That would be the ideal relationship for the exchange of information that could eventually help the other agency, but that does not always happen.

Without that communication many problems would arise between the agencies like vital information not transferred to the proper authorities, therefore leaving the possibility of someone being hurt or killed. That would be a major failure to any agency. References: University of Phoenix. (2011). Police: History, Structure, and Function [Multimedia].

Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA/214

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