1. Andrew Jackson’s main rationale for the removal of the Indian tribes should be voluntary and if they did not want to leave in the lands acquired and governed by the United States, they must be directed by the laws existing in the state. The Treaty of New Echota negotiated between John Ridge (Cherokee leader) and Andrew Jackson was (later) not recognized by leader of the Cherokee nation, in response, about 15, 000 Cherokees protested in the Supreme Court even though Cherokees petition was disregarded. 2. The involvement of women in anti-removal organizing efforts implicates the need of women to have rights to vote, participate in an election, participate in a national political discourse and be heard by the people, which was evidently observed with Catharine Beecher and Lydia Sigourney’s first women’s petition campaign and protest in the Congress. In the case of the Indian Removal Act, some reformers rethink their position to rebuff and obliterate the African colonization in replace for immediatism.
3. The strength of anti-removal activists was recognized by Martin Van Buren who addresses the state to the growing opposition to the Indian Removal Act and will be a total failure in the long run, also, it was stated the abolition of African colonization in place for slavery. 1830 Indian Removal Act1. The article of Hershberger reinforces the bigger disadvantage of the relationship between the Indian natives and the white settlers. The state’s law only inclined towards the state’s national and political and economic interest towards Indian lands.
2. The exchange of lands between the government of the United States and any of the Indian tribe should have add value or improvements to be made for the purpose of appraisement and valuation for such claims made by a nation or any tribes. Acculturation is indirectly not permitted by the government for the reason that after an exchanged of lands any of the same tribe is not permitted for the possession of the acquired land. 3. Protect means to defend Indian tribes from their new home from other tribes that will cause any harm to them.
Also, superintendence and care means to administer any tribe given they are relocated in their new land for their security and other needs. 1831 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia1. Chief Justice John Marshall compared the federal government’s law to Great Britain where he argued that the state has only the right to deal with the Indian lands but do not have the right to acquire lands nor did political dominion over their existing laws base on federal laws not the state law.
The United States Constitution Article I was used by the Supreme Court to support its opinion from its ruling. 2. The Supreme Court ruled that Cherokee nation was a separate community bounded with existing laws which are not part of the state of Georgia’s law. The national government set forth for the authority among Indians not the individual states.
1832 Worcester v. Georgia 1. For the foreign affairs, the centralized government is held responsible not the state. The Federal government duties are enclosed both in the domestic and foreign policy. Walter Johnson, `The Slave Trader, the White Slave, and the Politics of Racial Determination in the 1850s`1. Johnson argues that slaveholders and/or traders (White) buy enslaved African-Americans (Morrison) from the planters (also White) for trade as explained in the antebellum slave trade.
2. Litigators questioned her parentage and stresses the fact the Morrison was being harbored by a group of philanthropist where she was used 3. White slavery refers to sexual slavery or prostitution where women are force to perform different sexual practices. This kind of slavery is against the state law in most of the southern states and indirectly strengthen the Morrison v White trial.
Angelina Grimke, `Speech at Pennsylvania Hall, May 1838` 1. Grimke’s argues that northerners indirectly support the purchase of slave-made produce and use the slaves as a business they made with the slaveholders and/or traders. 2. The growing interest of people towards religion has been evident in Grimke’s speech. In her speech, she kept her words in accordance on how religious people speak and made parallelism to religious doctrines and practices. 3.
Grimke urged the Northern women to fight for the rights of every woman to participate in the political issues in the country, their right to vote, and be heard by the people. Hershberger’s argument is directly related to Grimke’s appeal in terms of battling their rights as women. `The Hypocrisy of American Slavery` (1852) by Frederick Douglass1. Douglass argues that slavery is the great shame of America, of which it should be eliminated as soon as possible. The human rights violation is increasing as well as human trafficking, also, he argues the right of every people to own his/her body and all are entitled to be free.
2. In comparison to Grimke’s speech, Douglass speech is more of an inquiry style of speech and emphasized what experienced do the slaves have. One factor considered in their style and emphasis of their speeches is the fact the Douglass was a slave and a black who experienced the difficulty of being a slave.
