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Introduction explode if he is called out

Introductionto and Summary of the Case” It’sAlways Sunny in Philadelphia,” is the longest-running sitcom series onTelevision. “ It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” is about five dysfunctionalalcoholic friends (the Gang) who own a bar called Paddy’s Pub in Philadelphia, together. The Gang includes Dee, Dennis, and Frank Reynolds, Charlie Kelly, andMac. The Gang challenges the social norms of society and the humor in theseries shows how the gang is selfish, unaware and oblivious, they are comparedto the outside world. Sometimes they care about the bar and other times they donot care and get drunk. The Gang comes up with insane schemes and they useFrank’s money to make it happen.  TheGang has never hesitated to backstab each other if there is something to begained.

DennisReynolds is the owner of Patty’s Pub and one of the bartenders. He is anarcissus, control freak, and charming womanizer. Dennis is the mostPsychopathic of the gang. He has an extreme temper and will explode if he iscalled out on it. He is the only one to graduate from an ivy league collegebecause of this he thinks he superior to the others in the Gang. Since he is acontrol freak and narcissus he takes the position of the leader of the Gang. Hehas an older twin sister, Dee. Deeknown as Bird is one of the bartenders at the bar.

She’s a struggling actressand comedian that does not have a chance of becoming famous. She has an intensefear of crowds and cannot talk to them without wanting to throw up. Like, herbrother Dennis, she is manipulative and controlling, but she usually gets theshort end of the stick with the gang. She likes to consider herself one of theguys. She is the only female that is a part of the Gang, so they constantlymake fun of her.

She lives alone with her cat but then everyone starts movingin her apartment without asking. FrankReynolds is Dee and Dennis’s father and possibly Charlie’s biological father aswell (he had an affair with Charlie’s mom). He is a new character that wasadded in season 2.

Frank is a successful businessman and his wealth allows thegang to do whatever crazy shenanigans they would want to do it without havingto worry about money. Since the Gang did not want him hanging out at the bar, he bought the bar from under the Gang to make sure he could hang out there. Heis a pervert, sleazy, and insane old man.

He prefers having to live in povertywith Charlie. CharlieKelly is the one who does all the janitorial work or “ Charlie work,” at thebar. He suffers from deep psychological problems and in lives in poverty. Hehas an anger problem and abuses substances, such as glue and sprays paint.

Heis childish, lacks social skills, full of energy and enthusiasm. He studiedbird law and likes to use big lawyer words. He lives in a little run-downapartment and sleeps on a pull-out couch surrounded by trash.

He is obsessedwith the waitress a woman he does not have a chance with, cats, and cheese. Compared to the others in the gang he is the most “ kind-hearted.” Charlie isthe wildcard in the gang. Macis the “ dumb muscle” of the bar. He is always trying to show off that he is a” tough badass”, even though he has no real physical skill.

He is acontradictory Christian and self-righteous, and ambiguously gay. He likes to dothings that imply he is gay, but he will deny it and say being gay is a sin. The entire group knows he is gay but when they say it he plays dumb and actsconfused. He makes up stories to seem cool to the Gang because he is desperateto be loved by everyone including his parents. Thereare many communication theories that can be applied to this TV series becauseof the controversial topics that are included in each episode. This case studywill focus on the application of standpoint theory and social judgment theoryin the TV series.

Both of these theories apply perfectly to the TV series. There are many examples from this TV series that can analyze and interpreted bythese two theories. Theory Summary and ApplicationStandpoint TheoryNancyHart stock and Sandra Hardy where the Pioneers the feminist standpoint Theory, which we now know as just standpoint theory, because it does not only apply tofeminism anymore (Griffin, 2012). Standpoint theory originally comes from Marxand is a postmodern method for analyzing inter-subjective discourses. The mainconcept of standpoint theory is how being a member of a social group shapes whatindividuals experience, know, feel, do, as well as how they understand sociallife as a whole. Standpoint theory comes from critical reflection andengagement in oppositional stance to the dominant one.

Standpointtheory is not just a perspective but it is rooted in a person. Standpointtheory happens in the recognition that unequal relations are responsible forthe margination or oppression of those groups are shaped by that inequality andit critiques claims of commitment knowledge. Standpoint theory is a person’sattitude and viewpoint on a particular issue based on their experienceseveryone has different standpoint because we don’t have the same experiences asothers. There are standpoints based on geographical location, race, socioeconomic status, and gender differences (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg.

58).” Anotherexample, Dee is a woman who speaks bluntly and because of this, she is viewednegativity by the Gang. Dee is clear and direct with the way she sends hermessages but because of social hierarchies and norms that expect women to bequiet can prevent her message from being heard. When there is an issue that theGang needs to solve, Dee will voice her opinion and even though her idea mightbe good the Gang tends to block her out or put her down just for a laugh. Thereis even an episode that Dee becomes so depressed and gives up on her appearancethe rest of the gang gets worries. They start “ listening” and “ helping” her tobecome a successful comedian. It gets to the point where she can even telljokes in front of crowds despite her fear and urge to throw up.

A manager comesup to her and offers her a job. She starts being the same old Dee again. Thisis when the Gang reviles that the manager is just a paid actor to trick her. She loses her self-confidence. She asks why they would do that? Pull such a bigprank and they say they just wanted her back to normal and now that she is theycould tell her the truth. They start laughing at her for thinking she could bea famous comedian because women are not funny. Their standpoint is that womanshould be looked at and not heard. Dee’s standpoint is that since she is awoman that women can do anything they can put their minds too.

Anotherexample is when the Gang decides to leave the bar for some different scenery atthe park and they instantly regret it. While they are there a football isthrown in their direction and the guy who threw it says the Philadelphia Eaglesare having tryouts. Dee says she wants to try out and The Gang tells her shecannot try out because she is a girl. She said well see about that. Dennis andMac show up to tryouts and Dee shows up dressed up like a man so she can tryout.

She outperforms all the guys at the tryouts including Dennis and Mac. Since she is doing so well, she decides to reveal she is a woman to everyonewho is left with the tryouts that she is a woman. She states that she is goingto kick the ball 60 yards to prove that woman can be just as good as men. Whenshe goes to punt she ends up breaking her foot. Mac and Dennis feel like thatproves they were right in their standpoint.

The Gang’s standpoint is that women are weak and cannot play sports. They believe that football is a man’s sport. Dee’s standpoint since she is awoman is different from the Gang’s. Her standpoint is that women are equal tomen in all aspects. Anexample of a standpoint based on race is in the first season in episode one. The episode starts with Charlie, Mac, and Dennis in the bar counting theirprofits from the bar from the night before. After counting everything they talkabout closing the bar because they cannot pay rent.

Dee walks in and says thather friend from theater class is coming to the bar and not to act strangely. AsDee is debating with the guys if they are strange or not, her black friendTerrell walks into the bar. The guys act surprises this black guy has walked inand they tell him the bar is closed. Terrell tells them he knows and isconfused by the way Mac tells him, “ we do not any trouble.” The guys sawTerrell as a threat and got fearful. Dee tells the guys that he is Terrell fromher acting class. They laugh and say sorry about what has just happened tobreak any tension and from making it seem like they are racists.

Dennis triesto explain to Terrell why their behavior is acceptable. Mac, Charlie and Dennis’s standpoint caused them to react frightened and defensivewhen they met Terrell. They perceived the world from their particularstandpoint based on their experiences. Dee views the world from a differentstandpoint than the Gang. Therefore, she perceived the situation and the bardifferently and she did not see a problem with her friend’s race. Here again, we see how the gang’s particular standpoint makes them act and communicate acertain way.

One might say they arenaive because their past experiences have caused them to judge others. This iswhere the standpoint theorist idea about people of the dominant having a lesssubjective view of the world. Privileged groups are not forced to observe therealities of inferior groups; therefore, their standpoints are usually morenarrow and biased. Social Judgment Theory MuzaferSherif and his colleagues called the analysis of attitudes the socialjudgment-involvement approach, but most scholars refer to it as social judgmenttheory. The social judgment theory (SJT) is the perception and evaluation of anidea by comparing it with current attitudes.

Sherif says the SJT is, “ a classicin social psychology; it has had a long-term impact on the study of socialpersuasion (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg. 58).” SJP started withresearch that showed how context affects the assessment of physical objects.

Social perception is the way humans judge messages. Sherif says,” Ininteractions with others, we rely on our international anchor or referencepoints; these are based largely on previous experiences (Littlejohn, Foss , 2017, pg. 58).” There are three levels of SJT: 1. Latitude ofacceptance, 2. Latitude of rejection, and 3. Latitude of noncommitment. (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg.

58-59).” The first level of SJT is the latitude ofacceptance is the range of ideas that a person sees as reasonable or worthy ofconsideration and “ it’s made up of the item you underlined and any others youcircled as acceptable (Griffin, 2012, pg. 195).” Assimilation effect is ifsomething falls within the latitude of acceptance. Arguments are seen as morepersuasive and fall within the latitude of acceptance. An example of thelatitude of acceptance is in the episode where Charlie writes, The Day ManCometh, it is a musical that he wants the Gang to help him perform. The episodestarts with Charlie entering the bar all excited and singing and he tells theGang about the awesome musical he just wrote. The Gang is skeptical as to whyhe would write a musical, so they start guessing the ulterior motive.

Charliestarts yelling at them saying they are wrong and he just did it to do it.  Charlie uses persuasion to convince the Gangto be in the musical. He states, if you guys do not want to be in it he cangive away their parts. This is when the Gang decides they want to be a part ofit. The anchor he uses is he knows that all of them like be the in thespotlight and would want to do it knowing he wrote parts specifically for eachone of them. Before he says he will give away their parts the gang did not wantto be part of it and were determined to find out why he wrote it. Once he sayshe says they have parts that is when They drop the subject and want to be in itand Charlie has gotten what he wanted.

Thesecond level is called the latitude of rejection this is the range of ideas thata person sees as unreasonable or objectionable (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg. 59).”. This means that I am dealing with the previous statement. If amessage falls under the latitude of rejection, attitude change will be reducedor nonexistent; “ Contrast effect is if the message is distorted negativity andperceived as the father from and less similar to your anchor position than itactually is (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg. 59).

” An example is whenDee is singing a song and her interpretation of the song was different thanCharlie has written.  Dee is expressingher latitude of rejection by not wanting to sing the song because she finds itsunacceptable. Charlie tells her that is fine and the song is out and that iswhen she asks what else will she sing and he tells her to turn to the back pageand it is blank. Charlie tells her its either sing the song or there is no songand Dee is upset and says hey this is her only song. This is when you seeCharlie has persuaded Dee into doing the song. Charlie starts to express hisanger and ask, “ was it dee who wrote a musical? No, it was Charlie.” He givesher three options either she does the song, the pianist will sing the songbecause dee did not write it, or he will strap on a wig and sing the songhimself.

Charlie asks, “ Song or nosong?” Dee says, “ Song, yeah song.  I wasnever not gonna sing the song. I would like to do it.” After that, she takesher place back on stage. He knows how bad Dee wants to be an actress but heknows this is his musical. Boomerangeffect happens if your position strengthens the discrepant message (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg.

59).”. An example in the same episode, Dee tries toadd a song to the play right before they perform. She tries to do it lastminute to get her way, but Charlie tells her he will slap her face into tinypieces. She said, “ okay, no song.” Earlier, we saw that Charlie needed toconvince her into doing the song but this time he does not need to use as muchpersuasion to get Dee to let go of adding another song. Even though Dee has ahigh ego most of the time, Charlie is able to convince her rather fast. Thelast level of a latitude is the latitude of non-commitment the range of ideasthat a person sees as neither acceptable nor objectionable (Littlejohn, Foss& Oetzel, 2017, pg.

59).” At the end of the play, Charlie comes out singinga song that was not included in the script. Everyone is watching him to seewhat is going on and that is when he asks the waitress to marry him. Thewaitress gets up and starts to walk away. Charlie is stunned that his plan ofwriting the musical just to persuade the waitress into falling in love with himhas failed.

The musical is a metaphor for what Charlie would like to happenbetween him and the waitress. He is the boy and Dayman and the waitress is theprincess in the story. The waitress does not find Charlie’s idea making amusical just for a marriage proposal as acceptable or unacceptable. She doesnot have any feelings toward what has just happened, she just wants Charlie toleave her alone. This time Charlie did not have a strong enough argument tochange the waitress latitude. Egoinvolvement is the sense of the personal relevance of an issue, demonstrated bymembership in a group with a stand. If a person has a high attitude relevanceof the topic they may feel passionate about it they have a high ego (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017).” For example, this person would be Charlie since heis so passionate about his musical.

Thishigh ego would make it very difficult for them to persuade or doing theopposite side. An example of this is when the Gang tries to make adjustments tothe musical and Charlie is not having it. If a person has a low attitude theywould have a low ego towards the topic at hand his means they are easy topersuade to join your cause. An example of this is the rest of the Gang and howat first, they were not interested in Charlie’s musical but once he said theyhad parts they jumped on board. ConclusionBothstandpoint theory and SJT can be applied very well to this case. The TV seriesrelies on the main characters to show their thought processes throughcommunication. The two theories are closely related in the sense that they bothhave to deal with the thought process people have.

Standpoint theory is notjust a perspective but it is rooted in you. A person’s standpoint regulates howthey will compose, analyze and relay messages. One of the limitations of usingthis theory is it results in generalizations and stereotypes. All members of agroup are not the same because they can belong to more than one group. Anexample is how Charlie is the one that stands out the most because he is purerand kind compared to the others in the group. Even though he has been hangingout with these people since he was in high school, he still has a different wayof thinking. Like one-day Dee offers to take Charlie out for a Spa day. Charlieis so confused he thinks a spa day is short for spaghetti day.

They are a partof the same group but Dee came from a different social economical backgroundthen Charlie.     The biggest strength of standpoint theoryis it has been good for grabbing the attention of communication behaviors ofdifferent social groups, increasing our knowledge of human interaction. Anexample is how a scientist sees how Charlie interacts at the bar and wants todo a study on him and the rest of the Gang.

Another example is the Gang grabbedthe attention of a toymaker and he is interested in mass producing a board gamethey have created together. He wants to watch how they play the game because itis so unusual. In this episode, you can see how different the Gang is comparedto other groups in society. Socialjudgment theory is important because it says each audience member will perceivea persuasive message differently from each other. How we respond to themessages depends if the message falls in their anchor and latitude.

There arethree levels of SJT: 1. Latitude of acceptance, 2. Latitude of rejection, and3. Latitude of noncommitment. Contrast and boomerang effects what happen whenmessages fall within the latitude of rejection. If a message falls under thelatitude of rejection, attitude change will be reduced or nonexistent (Littlejohn, Foss & Oetzel, 2017, pg.

58).” Astrength of SJT is that it helps attitude changed on where a person holds aposition. An example of this each time someone in the Gang comes up with a badidea, they someone convince the rest of them to join in. Furthermore, thistheory does a good job in explaining the perception of messages that influencepersuasion. An example of this how the Gang is able to convince the waitressand Cricket (secondary characters) into doing things for them that end up indisaster for the two. Their social status declines after they get involved withthe Gang.

Alimitation of this theory is that it ignores message content. An example ofthis is the episode where Charlie uses his mom to act like she has cancer inorder to make money for the bar. She does not approve of this idea at all butsince his argument is strong she ends up going along with the idea, even thoughshe feels really guilty about it.

Another limitation ignores the effects ofsource credibility, a factor that can change attitude. For example, Charlielikes to say he studied bird law and he is the expert on the law just to appearsmart. Overall, standpoint theory and social judgment theory work very well together to explainhow the Gang thinks because of past experiences and how they are able to changeeach other’s latitudes. These two theories can be used as a way to help aperson understand their personal perspective and what will cause them to changethem.

We can see how the Gang has changed over the years and are more openedminded but are still naïve. The Gang still has their own ways of thinking butthat makes for an interesting TV series.

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