History

Theology The spirituals based their argument on the view that Christ and his apostles possessed absolutely nothing, either jointly or separately. The conventuals, on the other hand, can be defined as followers who held a wider interpretation of poverty that the church had the right to own property.
These two groups were divided because the spirituals stood for the absolute poverty that is prescribed by the testament and rule of Saint Francis, while the conventuals accepted papal relaxation and exemptions.
2. The great Papal Schism is described as a split within the Catholic Church that occurred due to politics other than any theological disagreement. Various individuals simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.
3. It was a Crusade against the Languedoc people.  Like all other crusades, it was a war declared by Pope Innocent III and it was backed by the Roman Church with the promise of a guaranteed place in heaven and remission of sins.
4. The bull that prohibited governments to tax the clergy without the permission from the pope. He also issued a reproving bull that affirmed the pope’s authority the heir of Vicar of Christ and Peter and over all human authorities, spiritual and temporal powers.