Chapter 3
Hadith is what Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam said. Sunnah is what Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam said, did, and approved of. When we read Hadith we learn about his sunnah. We want to learn about his Hadith because we want to follow what he did and what he approved of, in detail.
This is all related to Islam and its about religion people from all the world wants to learn and to know more about Islam, hadith what is going to help learning the ethics of Islam, hadith has mentioned in Quran its referring to wisdom and who ever bring to us the hadith such as Muslim and bukhari are sure hundred percent this is what came in Quran about hadith:
“ For Allah has sent down to you the Book and the Wisdom and taught you what you knew not (before): and great is the Grace of Allah upon you.”
Moreover God asked us to obtain him and to fallow what prophet mohammed has told us or to do what he has did in specific stations and those are some examples:
“ You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful example (of conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the final Day and remembers Allah much.”
“ Say: If you do love Allah, then follow me: Allah will love you and forgive you your sins, and Allah is Forgiving Merciful.”
“ O people! The Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord. Therefore believe, (it is) better for you. And if you disbelieve, still, lo! to Allah belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. And Allah is ever Knower, Wise.”
“ O you who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger and those of you who are in authority, then if you have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and the Messenger if you are (in truth) believers in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and very good in the end.”
“ Whoso obeys the Messenger, indeed obeys Allah and whoso turns away: we have not sent you as a warder over them.”
“ O you who believe! Obey Allah and His Messenger, and turn not away from him when you hear ( him speak).”
“ O you who believe! Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor knowingly betray your trusts.”
“ O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and render not your deeds useless.”
“ And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it. And whatsoever he forbids, abstain (from it). And fear Allah. Lo! Allah is severe in retributing (evil)
For this reason the Quran is the first source of Muslim law and Hadith is the second source of Muslim law.
Whatever Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam said, did or approved of was narrated by his family members and companions as Hadith. The man who narrated the most number of Hadith of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam was Hadrat Abu Huraira Rady Allahu Anhu, and the lady who narrated the most Hadith of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam was Sayyidatina Aisha Rady Allahu Anha. (web site 9)
3. 2 Books
There are six major books of Hadith. These books are: Sahih Bukhari by Imam Bukhari (194 A. H.-256 A. H.) containing 7275 Hadith, Sahih Muslim by Imam Muslim (206 A. H.-261 A. H.) containing 4000 Hadith, Jami by Imam Tirmizi (209 A. H-279 A. H.) containing 1600 Hadith, Sunan by Imam Abu Dawud (202 A. H.-275 A. H.) containing 4800 Hadith, Sunan by Imam Ibnu Maja (passed away 283 A. H.), and finally Sunan by Imam An-Nasaai (215 A. H.-303 A. H.).
Some of the things that you learn from Hadith are that to say that God is one and prophet mohammed is who brought the Islam and that called shhada and is the key to Paradise, how to say our prayer, what is zakah which means give the poor people a percentage from our money every year and how much to give in zakah, the importance of fasting in the month of Ramadan, and how to perform Hajj. We also learn about Arkanal Iman or the pillars of faith, and how to be good Muslims by practicing Ihsan (goodness). We learn about the things that are prohibited in Islam such as stealing, cheating, lying, back-biting, fraud, alcohol and pork. The other thing that we learn from Hadith is what to do or recite on specific occasions for example: when giving in charity, say Fisabilillah.
Those are the most trusted book that we can refer to when we want to learn hadith or when we want to know what is the low that we can follow in our lives and how to deal or treat people.
Finally, Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam believed that Allah is dearer to him than everything on which the sun rises. (Muslim) Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam used to say, “ Glory to be to Allah; Praise be to Allah; there is no one worthy of worship but Allah; and Allah in most Great, is dearer to me than everything on which the sun rises.” (Muslim) Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam said if anyone says this 100 times a day, his sins will be removed from him. (Muslim) Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam taught us that there is no might and no power other than Allah.
Hadith is a very important aspect of being a Muslim because it develops love for Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala and for Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam. Following the sayings of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam makes you follow the right path.(web site 10)
3. 3. Alrwah
Alrwah are the people to bring to us the hadith from years back where prophet mohammed where living alrwah is the most honest people, this processes done by one of the rwah told that prophet mohammed told someone what he is tilling right now and the final six rwah who wrote what they know in a books that will last forever and be used all over the world (website 11), and those rwah are listed below:
Muslim
Bukhari
Imam tirmzi
Imam abu dawood
Ibn majed
An-Nasaai
3. 4. Our module
Ontological modeling in information technologies has undergone considerable evolution. Models and languages used for ontology construction and reasoning can be classified.
Our module will be about prophet mohammed says and the rwah by which we get the specific hadith and this are the components that we used in our model.
3. 5. Our Ontology Components
Regardless of where and when an ontology is used or created, most share the same structural similarities, regardless of the language or object. Common components include:
Individuals
Instances, or the basic – ground level – component of an ontology. It may include concrete objects, such as animals, people, tables, automobiles, etc, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words.
Classes
Concepts that are also called type, sort, category and kind that is defined as an extension – abstract groups, sets, or collection objects – or intension – abstract objects that are defines by values of aspects. Some examples of classes may include:
Person: class of all people or abstract object that can be described by the criteria of being a person.
Vehicle: class of all vehicles or the abstract object that can described by the criteria for being a vehicle
Attributes
Objects in an ontology can be described by relating them to other things, typically aspects or parts. These related things are often called attributes, although they may be independent. Each attribute can be either a class or an individual and will determined the king of relation between them. Without attributes, they will not be considered as a true ontology.
Relationships
A relation is of a particular type or class that specifies in what sense the object if related to another object in the ontology. The set of relations in an ontology will describe the semantics of the domain. The classes of relations used will describe the language in which the ontology is expressed.
Function terms
Complex structures formed from certain relations that can be used in place of an individual’s term in a statement
Restrictions
Formally stated descriptions of what must be true for us to know what should be accepted as input.
Rules
Statements in the form of if-then sentences to describe the logical interferences in an ontology.
Events
The changing of attributes or relations.
we can classified our model to be Structural (object) models Several approaches are known to apply structural (object) data models to define ontologies. An approach for extensible ontological model construction in a mediation environment intended for heterogeneous information sources integration in various subject domains has been presented in [kalin]. A mediator ontological language (MOL) may depend on a subject domain and is to be defined at the mediator consolidation phase. On the other hand, for different information sources different ontological models (languages) can be used to define their own ontologies
The proposed model extends the usual ontology models and has been implemented in a frame-based knowledge model inspired to OKBC. The extension concerns the explicit representation of additional information about the properties of the attributes used to describe a concept. The ontology model extension encompasses semantic information designed to characterise the behavior of properties in agents’ concept descriptions. The novelty of this extended knowledge model is that it explicitly represents the behaviour of attributes over time by describing the changes in a property that are permitted for members of the concept. It also explicitly represents the class membership mechanism by associating with each slot a qualitative quantifier representing how properties are inherited by subconcepts. Finally, the model does not only describe the prototypical properties holding for a concept but also the exceptional ones. (ref 5, 6)
3. 6. graph explanation
(fig 2) root of the ontology
for an explanation to this graph which is our model a thing is the beginning of any ontology, on our ontology a thing will refer to an Islamic famous people and alsnah alnboia which is contain prophet mohammed says, Islamic famous people will be alsahabh (prophet mohammed fiends), alrwah and prophet Mohamed himself.
(fig 3) prophet mohammed class
This will take us to prophet mohammed says which will contain his life for an example and anything referring van be added to modify the ontology in this can be done by any one.
(Fig 4) branches of our ontology
Moreover from the famous Islamic people the rwah will show the rwah name and we can add any thing related to alrwah under the name, and the names of alshaba will be the same and later we will explain the relation and how we will connect each class to others.
Finally, for alsnh the says will come under this class and the says will be divided to hadith books name and all hadith related to this books, and those will be linked with what we talked about such as alrwah, alshabh, prophet mohammed etc.
