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Essay, 19 pages (5000 words)

Getting offshore outsourcing right

Contents

  • Mentions:

Introduction:

In today ‘ s Technological changing universe every organisation in demand of best concern practises. Assorted writers expressed their position on the offshore outsourcing. In Offshore outsourcing the labor costs are the primary aim for the concern organisations, and concern entities want to concentrate on their nucleus concerns countries for the creative activity of wealth for their for their stockholders ( Pfannenstein 2004 ) . It ‘ s nil but run intoing organisational information engineering ( IT ) needs commonly welcomed and turning pattern, and one that is continually altering ( Dibbern et al. 2004 ) . Offshore outsourcing is the concern pattern of engaging an 3rd party organisation outside the house ‘ s state of beginning to execute some or all non nucleus concern maps ( Overby, 2003 ) . Business organisations outsource operations to accomplish major benefits like decreased costs, better flexibleness, premium quality of services, and entree to new engineering to do the staff to set their attempts to increase the productiveness ( Tejaswini 2004 ) . Offshore Outsourcing occurs when an organisation thought to farm out a merchandise or non nucleus concern procedure to an outside provider ( Drezner, 2004 ) . And there can be an overall economical addition of offshore outsourcing, for illustration higher terminal quality merchandises and services, higher degree of client satisfaction, and increased degrees of productiveness ( Farrell, 2003 ) .

Lesson Two:

“ Choose an offshore sourcing finish based on concern aims ”

Writers Rottman and Lacity ( 2006 ) said that the offshore choice done by senior executives, who majorly focus on state advantages in footings of costs and hazards. And consulting houses helps to senior executive by supplying the qualified analysis of offshore finish based on basic prosodies like finish state authorities support in footings of offshore sourcing activities for, handiness of qualified talent pool of adult male power and cultural compatibility. Harmonizing writers research experience they believe that India is the most preferred finish for offshore sourcing activities, because of authorities support by supplying revenue enhancement free IT based engineering Parkss and IT SEZ ‘ s and IT Zones, handiness of best IT related adult male power resources, low wage degrees and high English speech production endowment and besides mentioned the impregnation degree of India ‘ s offshore outsourcing industry because of increasing salary degrees and higher turnover degrees of Indian IT houses. And they tells the choice standards of offshore outsourcing of concern activities through the consideration of company ‘ s strategic concern activities along with certain finishs to derive the new market entree, concern activities, entree to installations and resources to run the concern, deriving the border over concern procedure in selected finish topographic point and fast executing of seaward outsourcing activities. Rottman and Lacity ( 2006 ) suggested the major cheque points while choosing the desired offshore sourcing finish to outsource the non nucleus concern activities of the organisation and indicated the advantages of India as outsourcing executing finish and the major factor, which is impacting Indian IT houses concern, and indicated the other likely desired finishs harmonizing the chances offered by them to run into overall strategic concern activity of the organisation. Some of the writers expressed their positions on India as a major offshore outsourcing finish for concern administrations across the Earth. Harmonizing to Gonzalez et Al, India ‘ s economic liberalization norms at 1980s, it developed as a strong exportation position in IT sector and holding professional IT service organisations such as TCS, Wipro and Infosys. etc. with CMM degree 5 practises, 2nd largest populated state in the universe with a possible big human endowment canvass, salary outgo is low when compared to USA and Western Europe, the big English spoken labour force, good established preparation installations, support given by the governments like NASSCOM ( Gonzalez et al 2006 ) . If an concern organisation willing to make any concern in India, it has assorted options like it can set up a entirely owned subordinate, make a joint venture, develop as a subdivision or affair office, get an bing Indian company by amalgamation and acquisition or operate on the footing of a third-party contractual understanding. ( AGARWAL et al 2005, p2 ) . Apart from these, I experienced some of the offshore outsourcing activities as a concern development executive, like some of European clients of my old employer showed involvement in offshore outsourcing of their web site designing and development, care and proficient support and they need a individual seller on long term footing to make their non-core concern activities in a less budget, proficient hazards with a great apprehension of their concern procedure, but some of other clients necessitate our proficient support and care for their concern web sites and demand to make concern procedure support for their selling activities in India with elaborate executing program. From this elaborate information, I believe that every administration expression for best offshore outsourcing finish singular concern chances for concern organisations looking to better their overall concern public presentation. Generally it reduces the costs, improves organisational flexibleness, alterations concern and IT public presentation, and provides corporate focal point nucleus concern competences. These capablenesss produce improved concern net incomes, and offer the conformity to reply to economic conditions in a short clip, competitory challenges and new chances.

For this lesson, the major deduction is choice of right finish by choosing a best suited service seller or sellers to put to death the offshore outsourcing activities to guarantee the success of the venture ; otherwise it became dark female horse for the client and sellers.

Lesson 3:

“ Choose an offshore sourcing theoretical account that balances costs and hazards ”

For every concern organisation there is a demand of good examined scheme to equilibrate the cost and hazards while making concern operation, which is related offshore outsourcing activity, because it needs more investing and proper planning procedure to cut down the hazards in ongoing concern activities. There are four major offshore sourcing theoretical accounts are available in offshore outsourcing, they are confined, joint venture, construct operate transportation and free for service. Harmonizing to writers, a joint venture is an understanding between a domestic client and an seaward seller along with the end of making a executable solution. The build-operate-transfer ( BOT ) is an understanding in between a domestic client contracts with an offshore seller to put up an offshore centre and seller is the facilitator by geting needed installations and other demands, to run the BOT on predefined footings for a specific period. After puting up the centre, the direction and the ownership of the centre, may reassign to client, if the client decided to but the centre. Captive centre is a subordinate established by a domestic organisation in a foreign state. In joint ventures and BOT agreements, the client is able addition the seller ‘ s cognition in local market, and retaining a fasible sum of control and this sort of shared ownership can cut down the hazard of offshore outsourcing activities. In fee for service off shoring outsourcing client marks a contract with an offshore service supplier, who can carry through client ‘ s seaward outsourcing concern activities. Harmonizing to Agarwal, 2005 ” The determination to choose for a peculiar construction must be based on a careful consideration of the operational hazard and regulative conformity involved, the revenue enhancement liabilities the entity will pull, every bit good as related issues such as cost, committedness, efficiency of end product and control of administrative and direction duties. Several parametric quantities such as client control and assurance, liability, flexibleness, velocity, local cognition and the civilization of the administrations involved besides have a bearing on the ultimate construction adopted ” ( Agatwal et al 2005 ) . These four concern theoretical accounts poses different chances, in footings of cost decrease and control over the seaward outsourcing activities, and maintain the relationships and other strategic advantages like formation of new concern entity in joint venture and BOT instances, here the concluding end product can run as concern centre for offering offshore outsourcing activities or it can be consolidated into money and deriving the cognition on local market for future concern extensions ( Hirschheim et al 2009 ) . Finally come ining into these sorts of concern theoretical account, client can hold the capableness to command the hazards and maintain the coveted cost disbursement degrees in undertaking. And can derive border over the offshore activities, which can construct interior sourcing installations in ain concern entity.

In footings of future deductions both client and seller are majorly affected by their piquant degree of activities in undertaking and investings made by each other and commanding the direction of concern theoretical account and cut downing the hazards degree by guaranting best practises to achieve the corporate end.

Lesson 4:

“ Make a centralised offshore plan direction office to amalgamate direction ”

To develop a balanced scheme needs the support of a sophisticated concern spouse with the plan direction control expertness, concern procedures, prosodies for public presentation measuring, and good exposure in planetary offshore outsourcing to manage multi-location work distribution. For a proper and good established supplier relationships and dialogue of contracts, appraisal of overall offshore outsourcing undertaking public presentation indicants, and pulling best concern practises and for a distribute acquisition there is demand of a centralised power deputation authorization needed to command seaward operations, for this the senior executive has to make up one’s mind to set up a new apparatus or to integrated with existed apparatus. Writers Rottman and Lacity ( 2006 ) says their research participants indicate the function of senior executive, while set uping the PMO apparatus, he has to see the options like demand of new apparatus for expected offshore activity end product importance, creative activity of confined centre or joint partnership with providers. If the senior executive needs a good competition between providers who are engaged in offshore outsourcing activity for a better consequence, need to make an incorporate PMO. Writers proposing that the demand of a separate direction control apparatus ( PMO ) to bring forth better result of the offshore outsourcing activities and which can assure a better control on entire operation and the same clip it can light the competition between providers which can give an thought about the providers capablenesss and can cut down the providers figure and ensures the undertaking success, but it increases the cost of overall undertaking and excess cost is non a immense component when compared to offshore undertaking deliverables. Some of IT houses PMO is best pattern in IT offshore activities. Harmonizing to Keane, The PMO scheme allocates work to the organisation and providers location, which efficaciously meets major demands like hazard, cost and public presentation of a assigned activity and It allows any portion of any undertaking to be implemented at the optimum location along with optimum mix of resources to make company aims and the usage of a locally based PMO provides a individual point of duty. It reduces cultural and communicating issues by offering a local interface for face-to-face contact and to ease effectual exchange of information ( Keane, 2009 ) . As per my position PMO can measure the sellers in quality degrees to guarantee the work done by service supplier, direction can keep good relation between both parties, dedication resembles the committedness of providers towards to finish the undertaking, security measures the contract norms are carry throughing or non, bringing ensures the clip frames and concluding end product of undertaking, and substructure ensures the smooth flow of executing of seaward outsourcing activities.

The chief hereafter deductions are direction relationships, undertaking deliverables affair for both client and seller and public presentation of concern activities and outgo depends upon figure of sellers engaged by client, so here client has to take the continues appraisal of seller public presentation degrees.

Lesson 7:

“ Use pilot undertakings to extenuate concern hazards ”

Business hazards are counterpart to the errors done by the concern entity while executing concern procedure activities, to get the better of this most of the clients willing to travel for pilot undertakings to guarantee the credibleness of seller or provider in a specified occupation executing. Some of the common concern hazards are substructure, security, legal, concern environment, public presentation direction, administration, measuring, answerability ( Keane, 2009 ) . According to Rottman and Lacity ( 2006 ) , concern hazards in offshore outsourcing are hapless quality degrees, hapless important cost nest eggs, hapless undertaking outputs because of hapless seller or supplier choice, incorrect choice of offshore concern activities, failed client relationships. They suggest the concern organisations consider a suited pilot plan to research the hazards in initial phases of the undertaking by proving the client and provider capablenesss to command the offshore activities. And they say, the false starts, mistakes and negative happenings becomes as a valuable acquisition experiences, while deriving the cognition to increase the clients capablenesss. At the same clip, pilot undertakings has used for larning experience and mensurating the undertaking deliverables. Some writers delivered their valuable penetrations on concern hazards while covering with seaward outsourcing. The substructure installations handiness in the seller ‘ s or provider ‘ s place state will adversely impact the quality of the outsourced concern activity ( ) . Vendor ‘ s place state governmental regulations and ordinances on engineering information transportations, IP ( rational belongings ) and right of first publications, concern privateness Torahs, and information informations flows can impact the success of the outsourcing relationship ( Rao 2004 ) . The hazard appraisal schemes includes rating of sellers or providers to happen out their capablenesss, in footings of operationally, financially, to run into the organisations demands ( Pai, K, A. , Basu, B. 2007 ) . Critical hazards can divide harmonizing to the three possible countries of competence degrees, bringing capablenesss, transmutation consequence, and relationship indicants ( Feeny et al. , 2004 ) . In offshore outsourcing there is a deficiency of apprehension of which activities are needed to offshore successfully and home state concern miss lucifer with alterations in offshore outsourcing operations ( Kumar and Eickhoff, 2006 ) . And miss lucifer with client ‘ s organisational construction with seaward sellers or provider ‘ s organisational construction ( Aron and Singh, 2005 ) . The client organisation can larn from off shoring spouse. pilot undertakings are used in offshore outsourcing undertaking for engineering geographic expedition and proficient hazard decrease, theses two factors enable the clients and sellers to cognize more about wants and demands of a the undertaking ( Snir and Hitt 1999, p7 ) .

By planing a pilot undertaking by client can filtrate the low quality degree sellers in seller choice procedure and ensures the right way to choose a best seller for the undertaking. A decently designed pilot undertaking theoretical account must either 1. expensive in nature to happen the high quality vendor2. monitoring aid happen out the effects of attempt and public presentation 3. made the seller to perpetrate the same quality degree of pilot into full undertaking. Another ground for the pilot undertaking is that the client has the opportunity to go on with that undertaking or it can end. For illustration, a pilot undertaking by Stasis Bank was constructed, the pilot undertaking developed by seller made the client to believed, it can work. The seller tried to misdirect the client during the pilot undertaking stage by assortment of misdirecting represents which really hard to verify by the client and the subsequent failure of the full undertaking led to a case and a significant out-of-court fiscal colony. By the pilot undertaking proving these results may hold been evitable and reduces package development hazard. To derive coveted benefits the client can hold a contract with a non-measurable public presentation degree which is governable, understanding to pay for the pilot undertaking stage and contract for full undertaking completion ( Snir and Hitt 1999, ) . And I experienced this practise several times, when I am working with one of my employer from Hyderabad, India, major part of my employer concern depends upon offshore web based development application, as a senior concern development executive I use to interact with clients from USA, Canada. Most of the clients willing to travel for pilot undertaking executing before project understanding ; at the same they consider our rivals to prove our capablenesss on full graduated table footing where they more concerned about our expertness, development procedure, quality degrees, communicating degrees, etc, . For illustration, one Canadian client needs a web integrating application which needs to incorporate client web site with their concern information system. One of the application activities is to bring forth the analytics of their on-line market candidacy and gross revenues operation to explicate best schemes to research their client base across the universe, which is need to be develop as a pilot undertaking and same work besides given to our rivals. Here we followed a concern theoretical account, where we hired a free-lance who is really best at this sort of applications, with the aid of this cat we done a vigorous analysis on clients basic concern operation at the same clip sing the hereafter needs and proficient feasibleness to take the suitable proficient development demands along with our expertness. Finally we did this undertaking before the dead line and in front of our rivals, because of proper concern planning, executing and taking right proficient demands, proper apprehension of client ‘ s concern nucleus degrees and consideration of clients desired outgo degrees and their hereafter demands. Finally we got the undertaking and executed before client deadlines and got the chance to keep this application, proficient support and client support. In this instance we benefited from pilot undertaking, which can helped us a batch in footings of better apprehension and planning of undertaking executing, use of outside expertness and better concern chances and relation with client.

In this instance the client and seller have the equal deductions on offshore concern activities at every clip intervals but they have their ain border on their concern chances.

Lesson 10:

“ Unitize undertakings into sections to protect rational belongings ”

In now-a-days concern universe IP ( Intellectual Property ) plays a critical function while making concern in any topographic point, because of the inputs into IP production in peculiar Research and Development activities. Some of others expressed their thoughts on IP protection and seller state jurisprudence deductions. Writers addressed the concerns of the security of client ‘ s offshore informations through a information steel incident, which is happened in 2005 at an Indian BPO. They suggested to follow the creative activity of security countries and critical informations entree practises through work badges and work based informations entree, clean desk by detecting Indian sellers. And they addressed an efficient IP protection through an technology company illustration, where they follow the multi provider offshore outsourcing to split the work, which ca n’t offer to any border for providers to decrypt the undertaking. As per me, rational belongings facets are playing an of import function because of the economic facets passing to bring forth them at the same clip the ownership of IP is depend upon the function of partnership per centum in that activity. Chiefly in life scientific disciplines, Information Communication Technologies and Biotech IP became critical factor to see while making offshore outsourcing activities. A elaborate study showed that 74 % moutsourcing companies felt that IP protection, informations security, concern dealingss and catastrophe recovery procedure activities were critical while taking an outside seller for offshore outsourcing seller. Client ‘ s IP is another critical concern in offshore outsourcing minutess and the primary concerns of concern organisation is ownership of IP. Some the critical challenges are concerned by organisations are: informations server entree, sharing undertaking beginning codification, deficiency of IP protection substructure installations, unknowingness of sellers employees over the IP rights and policies, utilizing same codification for another clients undertakings, seller employees shift to competitor organisation ( Pai, K. A 2007 ) . In many developing states IP rights are indispensable trade good in grey market because of their fiscal worth. IP larceny has farther deductions are depends upon seller ‘ s state ‘ s Torahs. TRIPS ( Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ) formed a standardized for IP protection across member states. Some of the factors have to see for a proper IP protection, they are: before offshore outsourcing seller choice the client has to analyze the seller ‘ s state ‘ s Torahs and legal to safe guard the informations security and privateness, guarantee that the offshore supplier has entree to telecommunication web, measure the seller ‘ s history and concern public presentation including security concerns ( Rao 2004 ) . To cut down the hazard of IP belongings misdemeanors by curtailing entree to the whole beginning codification to a individual point of executing and portion the entire beginning codification between different executing points. In valuable and sensitive undertakings, each seller employee has to subscribe the confidentiality and nondisclosure understandings while making the undertaking. Proper understanding demand to guarantee the ownership of the IP belongings while working on undertakings and innovations irrespective of the applicable jurisprudence ( Bakalov 2004 ) . For illustration, Shinetech follows a five measure process to guarantee their IP protection policy towards the client concerns. First Step, Non-Disclosure Agreements, it ‘ s nil but a contract, which ensures the regulations and duties of client and Shintech has to follow while making concern operations. Second measure, Project-related IP Protection, which resembles the tight mechanism of making project executing by supervising the day-to-day operations, web entree functions, informations entree rights and the pick of client development by every blink of an eye of log in operations, other informations storage installations, informations security concerns. And ownership of work belong to client like patents and transcript right while executing and entire informations transportation after completion of work in a crystalline manner. Third measure, Confidential Document Control, which is used to pull off, protect client confidential paperss and return, dismantle of paperss are done by client merely. Fourth measure, Employee confidentiality contract, to supply employee ‘ s consciousness towards the security and confidentiality of concern practises, IP Protection ordinances in their occupation to extinguish the sick use of informations of the Shinetech, client. Concluding measure, Employee preparation and instruction, to guarantee execution of IP Policies in making offshore outsourcing undertaking operations ( shinetechchina 2008 ) .

In future, IP plays an critical function while making understanding between client and seller for a peculiar undertaking, so both parties has to implement best schemes to protect the concern operations from sick legal activities for both parties common benefits.

Lesson 22: ” Manage constrictions to alleviate the significant clip zone differences ”

Time zone differences plays an critical while making off shoring activities, because the both side employees need to interact to ease the demands of away shored undertaking activities within available clip agendas. In general offshore seller experience that clip zone differences are assisting to derive the concern from clients, but in some instance clients see as a fillip when they consider concern offshore outsourcing activities. In writers point position clip zone differences are chiefly good for call lope operation instead than IT undertaking development operations and they feel that clip zone differences shows an impact on employees of client and offshore seller. And they suggest some solution by their research like puting some seller employees in client ‘ s location and another one is set uping the clip which is reciprocally agree for both parties of employees and concluding 1 is offering the vacations for both employee parties at the clip of national vacations of both states severally. I agree with the writers view apart from that these clip zone differences may impact the productiveness of employees at both terminals, because of unusual working hours where people willing to take several brake times to command the in collusion caused by late work nature. Sometimes cultural factors may adversely impact the work environment like Indian people are really concern about their spiritual practises at the clip of holy festivals, if employer ask to work on those yearss may be acquire negative response which can detain the undertaking executing agendas. To avoid these sort of behavior employer has to offer a common benefit solution to counterbalance the late working hours. Some of the writers delivered their positions on clip zone differences. Work clip agendas and clip zone differs across the Earth that frequently separate the working squads in offshore outsourcing undertakings, these differences have good and bad deductions, chiefly the undertaking work activities continued around the universe on 24/7 footing and efficiency, public presentation can be increased. In instance of, San Francisco, USA and Bangalore, India the clip difference is 12 hours, which can impact the scheduling meetings between undertaking directors, developers and late working hours non possible. Because of these seller choice and direction activities should turn to the job of clip zone differences, which can demo an impact on undertaking plants ( Ghosh, J, 2009 ) . And the “ clash of distance ” can detain joint development ( Ra0 2004 ) . Globally distributed squads ( GDTs ) are utilizing to execute critical and knowledge intensive work, which are combination of two or more co-located subgroups in different geographical countries, like onsite and seaward subgroups and members barely interact really less, every bit good as depend up on less of communicating with other bombers group members. The 24/7 development environment ” that includes several subgroups situated around the Earth to concentrate on the one solution and execute the same activity on a consecutive footing ( Mattarelli, E. et al 2009 ) . For case, my old employer practised a best method for our company ‘ s one squad of package developers and direction support squad, where they used a US clip theoretical account in this we used to get down our displacement harmonizing to USA clip construction to extinguish the clip spread from Indian positions, because of this we used to experience the normal occupation timings here we had the right clip for our day-to-day activities but it ‘ s non suited at the clip festival times. To get the better of this employer offered a best compensation program for who are traveling to go to those peculiar clip frames. Even though my squad couples express their position to work on general clip but there is no that much impact on productiveness except increasing degree of employee ‘ s unwellness.

The future deduction of this lesson has same impact on client and seller. And there is a opportunity to cut down the clip differences by taking the close geographical country where the clip frames are same, but it is small bit expensive for client and seller.

Decision:

Offshore Outsourcing has become a strategic option for many concern organisations for cost nest eggs and subsequent equity returns for investors and the benefits clients in the signifier of lower monetary values. It offers great chance to travel in front of association and derive strategic increase in concern pattern public presentation and other of import point is loss of IT occupations and rational resources as financial concerns. The success of offshore outsourcing does non come from making the same insistent operations in the same manner along with regard to low labor costs. Business organisations must set up a clear ownership of the outsourcing battles and their administration, operations through a vigorous spouse choice procedure, important public presentation dimensions, and the use of renewed world-class procedures. It is hard to specify how concern entity will measure success and prehend outsourcing spouse responsible for executing to its committednesss. And choice of right outsourcing spouse is kick starts with capablenesss and made the smooth passage into planetary sourcing activity sphere. Organizations that invest in making effectual attacks for planetary offshore outsourcing will be compensated with major, solid betterments in overall bottom line concern public presentation degrees.

Mentions:

Diaries, Articles, Books:

  • Aron, R. and Singh, J. V. ( 2005 ) , “ Geting offshore outsourcing right ” , Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83 No. 12, pp. 138-40.
  • Agarwal, S. , Khaitan, S. , Shrivastava, S. , Banks, M. ( 2005 ) . Destination India: Offshore Outsourcing And ITS Implications, PP 248, Accessed on 25 November 2009, Avilable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. almtlegal. com/articles/AlmtArticle9_Destination % 20India. pdf
  • Bakalov, R. ( 2004 ) . Risk Management Strategies for Offshore Application and Systems Development, Information System and Control Journal, 5, P 2-3.
  • Dibbern, J. , T. Goles, R. Hirschheim, and B. Jayatilaka, . ( 2009 ) “ Information Systems Outsourcing: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature ” , Accessed on 20 November 2009, Avilable at www. ecis2009. it/papers/ecis2009-0652. pdf, P2.
  • Drezner, D. W. ( 2004 ) , “ The outsourcing bugbear ” , Foreign Affairs, Accessed on 25 November 2009, Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/59889/daniel-w-drezner/the-outsourcing-bogeyman.
  • Gonzalez, R. , Gasco, J. , Llopis, J. ( 2006 ) . Information Systems Offshore outsourcing: A descriptive analysis, Industrial Management & A ; Data Systems, 106 ( 9 ) , pp 1241-1243.
  • Farrell, D. ( 2003 ) , Offshoring: Is It a Win-Win Game? , McKinsey Global Institute, San Francisco, CA, August, pp. 3-5,
  • Feeny, D. , Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L. P. ( 2004 ) , “ 12 capablenesss to measure in your concern outsourcing supplier ” , accessed on 28 November 2009, available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. umsl. edu/~lacitym/smr12capabilities. pdf
  • Ghosh, J. , Dasgupta, R. ( 2009 ) . Offshoring IT undertakings: Vendor Selection and Management. Accessed on 25 November 2009, Avilable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scribd. com/doc/21704373/Offshore-Projects-Vendor-Selection-and-Management
  • Hirschheim, R. , George, B. , wong, F. S. ( 2009 ) . Information Technology Outsourcing: The Move Towards Offshoring. PP 6-8, Accessed on 29 Novemeber 2009, Avilable at www. Ebesco. com.
  • Overby, S. ( 2003 ) , “ The concealed costs of offshore outsourcing ” , Accessed 20 November 2009, Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cio. com/article/29654/The_Hidden_Costs_of_Offshore_Outsourcing
  • Kumar, S. , Eickhoff, J. H. ( 2006 ) , “ Outsourcing: when and how should it be done? “ , Information, Knowledge, Systems Management, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 247-50.
  • Mattarelli, E. , Gupta, A. ( 2009 ) . Offshore-onsite subgroup kineticss in globally distributed teams. Information Technology & A ; People, 22 ( 3 ) , pp 244-246.
  • Pai, K, A. , Basu, S. ( 2007 ) . “ Offshore engineering outsourcing: overview of direction and legal issues ” , Business Process Management Journal, 13 ( 1 ) , pp 19-22, 27-30.
  • Pfannenstein, L. and Tsai, R. ( 2004 ) , “ Offshore outsourcing: current and future effects on American industry ” , Information Systems Management, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 72-74
  • Herath, T. , Kishore, R. ( 2009 ) . Offshore Outsourcing: hazards, Challeges, and possible solutions, Information Systems Management, 26 ( ( 4 ) , PP 312 – 314.
  • Snir, E. M. , and Hitt, L. M. 2004. “ Vendor Screening in Information Technology Contracting With a Pilot Project, ” Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce ( 14: 1 ) , pp. 61-88
  • Snir, E. M. , and Hitt, L. M. ( 1999 ) . VENDOR SCREENING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONTRACTING WITH A PILOT PROJECT, PP 34-37. Accessed on 27 November 2009, Avilable at hypertext transfer protocol: //tecom. cox. smu. edu/esnir/Screen. pdf
  • Madhu. T. Rao, . ( 2004 ) . KEY ISSUES FOR GLOBAL IT SOURCING: State AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS, Accessed on November 29 2009, Avialble at: hypertext transfer protocol: //mites. amrita. edu/mits/courses/information-security/ites-_ia_project/Rao_2004_Key % 20Issues % 20in % 20Global % 20IT % 20Sourcing. pdf
  • Shinetechchina. ( 2008 ) . Shinetech rational belongings ( IP ) protection policy, Accessed on 25 November 2009, Avilable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. shinetechchina. com/softwave/downloads/Intellectual-Property. htm
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