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Fret and intonation english intonation

Intonation . h Intonation contours in English Not all rises and falls in pitch that occur in the course of an English phrase can be attributed to stress. The same set of segments and word stresses can occur with a number of pitch patterns. Consider the difference between: You’re going. (statement) You’re going? (question) The rise and fall of pitch throughout is called its intonation contour. English has a number of intonation patterns which add conventionalized meanings to the utterance: question, statement, surprise, disbelief, sarcasm, teasing.

An important eature of English intonation is the use of an intonational accent (and extra stress) to mark the focus of a sentence. Normally this focus accent goes on the last major word of the sentence, but it can come earlier in order to emphasize one of the earlier words or to contrast it with something else. Intonation (music) Intonation, in music, is a musician’s realization of pitch accuracy, or the pitch accuracy of a musical instrument. Intonation may be flat, sharp, or both, successively or simultaneously.

Interval, melody, and harmony The lower or upper pitch of an interval may be sharp or flat, or both pitches of an nterval may be out of tune. If the lower pitch is sharp or the upper pitch is flat, the interval may be said to be flat given that as a whole it is too narrow; while if the lower pitch is flat or the upper pitch is sharp, the interval may be said to be sharp given that as a whole it is too wide. Intervals are conventionally measured from the bottom, as such in an interval that is too wide the upper pitch will thus be sharp.

For example, the ” flat fifth” of mean tone temperament. However, the interval itself may be in tune, in relation to itself (i. e. both notes of the interval are in tune in relation to ach other), but flat or sharp as a whole and thus both notes of the interval will be out of tune. A melody or harmony is flat or sharp if it is too high or low, respectively. A melody may be successively both sharp and flat. A harmony may be simultaneously and successively both sharp and flat.

Strings pressing with their fingers at the exact spot on the instrument’s fingerboard. Fretted instrument intonation Several factors affect fretted instrument intonation, including depth of the string slots in the nut, bridge saddle position, and the position of the frets themselves. On retted string instruments, pushing a string against a fret” aside from raising the string’s pitch because it shortens the string” also causes a slight secondary raise in pitch because pushing the string increases its tension.

If the instrument doesn’t compensate for this with a slight increase in the distance from the bridge saddle to the fret, the note sounds sharp. Most electric fretted string instruments have individually adjustable bridge saddles, adjustable with a screw driver or Allen wrench. Acoustic fretted instruments typically have either a floating bridge, held in lace by string tension, or a fixed bridge, such as a pin bridge on an acoustic guitar. A luthier or technician adjusts a floating bridge simply by carefully changing its position until the intonation is correct.

Adjusting intonation on a fixed bridge involves carefully shaping the bridge saddle with a file to alter the string’s contact point. Another cause of poor intonation on a fretted instrument is that the maker didn’t cut the string slots in the nut deep enough. If the string is higher than fret height at the nut, the string deflection-caused pitch increase is progressively greater closer to the nut. Intonation (linguistics) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Not to be confused with inflection, tone (linguistics), or pitch accent.

In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words. (Compare tone. ) Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody. All languages use pitch semantically, that is, as intonation, for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. Tonal languages such as Chinese and Hausa use pitch to distinguish words in addition to intonation. Rising intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time; falling ntonation means that the pitch decreases with time.

A dipping intonation falls and then rises, whereas a peaking intonation rises and then falls. The classic example of intonation is the question-statement distinction. For example, northeastern American English, like very many languages (Hirst & DiCristo, eds. 1998), has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions (He found it on the street? ), and a falling intonation for wh- questions (Where did he find it? ) and statements (He found it on the street. ). Yes or no questions (Did he find it on the street? ) often have a rising end, but not lways.

Some languages like Chickasaw and Kalaallisut have the opposite pattern: Lexicalized intonation English intonation may become semi-lexicalized in common expressions such as ” l’unno” (l don’t know), and therefore starts to approach the domain of tone. Pitch also plays a role in distinguishing acronyms that might otherwise be mistaken for common words. For example, in the phrase ” Nike asks that you play” participate in the Lives of America’s Youth”,[3] the acronym play may be pronounced with a high tone to distinguish it from the verb ‘play’, which would also make sense in this context.

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