Quality Sociology Essay Examples for Your Learning

Types of communication and interpersonal interactions

It is also important that the language we are using is the same as theirs or else they would not be able to understand us. A different dialect will also be a problem as they have a different way of pronouncing words and the person who we are talking to might not be able to β†’

Scams are one of the most common types of fraudulent – nigerian scams

The messages are an opening gambit designed to draw potential victims deeper into the scam. Those who initiate a dialogue with the scammers by replying to a Nigerian scam message will eventually be asked for advance fees supposedly required to allow the deal to proceed. The major purpose of these scam messages β†’

Interpersonal conflict in film essay example

If the whole marriage issue was to be handled carefully and all its effects on them lay bare then maybe whatever that happened to them may not have happened in the first place. The conflict between Jenna and Michael was not handled very carefully because Jenna's parents are the ones who seem to have taken β†’

ο»Ώcommunication skills

Typically, these included the ability to motivate and influence others, to give honest feedback sensitively, to empathise and develop relationships, to monitor ones own behaviour, to handle emotions both of self and others and to read interpersonal situations and organisational politics. However it is important to note that emotional intelligence, or the β†’

Richard iii essay example

The play attempts to focus on the intricacy of relationships between the main Richard character and his sycophant courtiers who are only out after one thing and that is the grabbing of power. The focus of the play remains the study of how power corrupts and how death begets death. The staging will be modern β†’

Consensus decision-making explanation

It is used to describe both the decision and the process of reaching a decision. Consensus decision-making is thus concerned with the process of deliberating and finalizing a decision, and the social and political effects of using this process. Consensus decision making attempts to address the problems of both Robert's Rules of β†’

Effective strategies for enhancing successful team performance

The following are some of the strategies. Measurement System: Estimating group performance is fundamental to figuring out how to enhance and upgrade the group's productivity. Incentives can do miracles for efficiency and give the inspiration that the group needs to begin exceeding expectations. Creating Templates: While dealing with a project that is reoccurring and requires β†’

Assume the role of an lb employee essay sample

London office should give Toronto team more opportunities to speak up, to make their opinions and determine the project directions on a certain level. This will help to build the trust between offices and increase the confidence level of Toronto team.

Identify core counselling skills essay sample

Clarifying is another tool used by the trained counsellor as a way of checking that they have understood what their client has been talking about. Using silence is a skill that can be beneficial to the client under the appropriate circumstances. Sympathy is more likely to be used in a non-professional relationship; identifying with β†’

Example of accounting/business administration essay

This paper will look at timeline for social media technology and summarize with positive and negative changes of social media technology. Social Media Technology timeline Technology was used early and it has diverged drastically from its preliminary primary role of dispensation in accounting transactions and sustaining financial reports. Thus social media technology enhances quality β†’

Negotiating at the table

We also, came with some determination and the attitude that we were going to leave with what we anted and In the range that we desired. After arriving at the dealership, we quickly found the Explorer with the options positions. With some hesitation, he accepted our first proposal and we returned to the β†’

Revision strategies research paper sample

The writers look into the impact of the revision on the meaning of the work. 'The first article is by Lester Faigley and Stephen Witte and focuses on the topic revision itself and expounds on its meaning and the different types of the same. In the third article, Linda Flower her fellow writers give a general β†’

The freedom of press in costa rica

Article 29 of the Constitution also states that " Everyone may communicate their thoughts by words or in writing and publish them without prior censorship; but they will be responsible for the abuses committed in the exercise of this right, in the cases and the mode that the law establishes". The state's intervention in journalism β†’

Liberal education

As manifest from the definition, the purpose of education is to enable man to surpass the challenges faced in the world, to know and obtain his rights and to accommodate himself in the constantly changing environment in the present day competitive world. In short, whole of the development in the world and education itself is β†’

Example of human communication essay

Intrapersonal communication involves the paradox and meaning when the idea conveys meaning of the messages sent over in the internet. But dyadic and interpersonal is differentiated by the means of a change in ordinary communication into interpersonal when something special occurs during the communication process. The use of mediated communication in the internet is β†’

Ningbo university international college

Part B) List and explain the likely impact of poor communications skills for a company. Part B) Outline the importance of good communication skills in team building and its importance in a work environment.

What do you consider are the essential attributes of an interviewer and why?

And without effective interaction, it would be difficult for an interviewer to elicit information from the interviewee or to assess them properly. It is therefore essential for interviewers to have people's skills, if they hope to be successful at interviewing. Through the art of communication, the interviewer should be able to gain the cooperation of β†’

Cyp3.1 sect 1.1 (pysical & communication development)

A typical three-year-old will be walking and running with confidence, learning toilet training, using a cup and spoon. They will be holding a pencil and scribbling, and will have sufficient hand to eye coordination to catch and throw a ball. They will start with the onset of puberty, and begin to develop at a much β†’

Orlando portuondo essay examples

In this article, I would like to give an in-depth analysis of the three parts of the Rhetorical Triangle-speaker, audience, and situation and explore how they impacted on the successful transmission of the message to the targeted audience. It was in a conference room equipped with the necessary tables and chairs which were well arranged β†’

The case of paula

The Case of Paula Assignment Paula is one of the 12 workers in Department X. In this case, the members of the group who are not given much opportunity would tend to deviate and would entail towards a difficulty in β†’

Information and communication technology (ict)

2) Other than using a search engine, give two ways the students could use the internet to find the necessary information.1.....................................................................................................................................2....................................................................................................................................18 Sample Assessment Materials Edexcel Limited 2008 Edexcel IGCSE in ICT Leave blank The teacher puts the correct answers to the quiz on the school intranet. Explain three β†’

Criminal justice training job aid essay sample

The training of police officers are rigid, exhaustive and provides opportunities to demonstrate leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. Police Officers should handle this calmly and address each concern without any sign of an effect to the questions of the press. All throughout the β†’

Communicate effectively with culturally diverse persons

Being able to communicate in a transcultural way, we can communicate effectively and provide actual care and treatment toward each patient in a manner that is acceptable to the patient and their cultural beliefs. Cultural Competence is being able to communicate with your patient on a scale of which you are able to communicate relevance β†’

Letter of advice

One of the most important elements of any relationship is the quality of communications, which requires a commitment to actual listening, a willingness to participate in self-disclosure which promotes intimacy and not just talking to be talking. If you have a good relationship you will find security in the fact that you will trust each β†’

Collaboration and communication in business

In my opinion, the more the business is facing turbulence in terms of market and/ or competitors, the higher the need emerges for collaboration and communication. In the good old days of 90's, when we used to do business in countries, with little or insufficient IT infrastructure and capabilities, we used to β†’

Motivational interviewing critique essay

Motivational interviewing includes: assessing the client's view of the issue and seeing if they understand their condition, finding out if the client wishes to pursue a treatment plan and, if so, having them attend sessions, and lastly, helping the client see that there are possibilities for them to change. MI also assists β†’

Sample theme essay on amigo brothers

From the beginning of the story, the boys have a conversation that reveals the importance of their friendship. After talking, the boys decide not to see each other till the day of the fight, but neither can stop thinking about the other because each is worried about their friendship. The narrator says β†’

The significance of international communication

With China's opening to the outside world, the communication is becoming increasingly deep and expanded, more and more people need to contact with different cultural groups and contacts, international communication strategy has invited more people's attention. Overcome these communication barriers timely and effectively is the key to success in international or intercultural communication.

English proficiency conclusion

When the respondents are grouped according to the variable gender, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. When they are grouped according to the variable type of high school attended, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. The β†’

Free reflective paper dark girls essay sample

In essence, the further women get from being darker skinned, the more accepted they are in society; darker-skinned black women are seen as rougher, more intense and harder to deal with. I have personally seen darker-skinned black women be treated with kid gloves and greater frustration than a lighter-skinned patient; there is a greater assumption β†’

Perception of cognitive psychology essay example

This theory would be the best for the computers because when one strikes an icon, he expects the computer to interpret and express the result of the command. However, the computer has to interpret the command and express the same in accordance with the interpretation.

Good example of quot;as the internet rewires our brains” review article review

Article Review of As the internet rewires our brains by Kurt Cagle In the article of Kurt Cagle, " As the internet rewires our brains", the author's main argument is that the use of social media sites is heavily valued and can decline the critical skills that children own. For example, the author's β†’

Good example of thesis proposal on how mass media influence humans life

This issue is of great significance culture wise because mass media is perceived to have some influence to the culture of our contemporary society and hence the status quo. . I can attest that mass media has some influence to our society particularly the way we think consequent to the fact that I live with people β†’

The winter olympics

However, It seems that many people are uncomfortable with the 22nd Winter Olympics being hosted in Russia. Yet, according to some people and news blobs, the 22nd Winter Olympics will be secured.

How social professional and cultural background effect the way we communicate essay sample

Each one of these can have similar or different ways to communicate. Social background It has been suggested by Laing and Chazan in fontang 1984 that some children grow up within environmental and social circumstances which may restrict the children to explore their environment and develop language and communication skills through positive and stimulating β†’

Informative essay on serving in the army

Therefore she thinks that everybody should support the soldiers, as they work hard to defend the idea of America itself. Tim Sailor, who is the father to former deployed Army Sergeant Ryan Sailor, used to agree with the point of views of Plain and thought that fighting for your country was a patriotic β†’

Good example of the impact of technology in the society research paper

So, technology is used so to fulfil personal desires or the desires of other people, and have the lion's share on popularity and success. Positive Effects of Technology in the Society Technology can be a powerful tool to motivate ad engage students. The more educated are the people of a country, the better potentials β†’

Rivalry of existing australia telecommunication services

The aim of this report is to ensure that Millar Ltd has a competitive advantage to compete with the existing rivalry in Australia and also letting the managers know more about the different environments. Millar Ltd is well established Italy telecommunication services company which provides good quality of telecommunication services. In order to expand β†’

Example of proposing a solution research proposal

As the family is small, and there are only four members to speak of, there is a constant feeling of restraint and uneasiness with talking to each other at home. A Lack of Communication in the Family.

Role of communication and teamwork in improving patient safety – literature review

In light of the pervasiveness of these happenings, it is imperative that this paper adequately addresses the topic on the role of teamwork and communication in improving patient safety. Objectives The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the role of team work and communication in improving patient safety. Discussion A team β†’

Mass communications

Gitlin suggests that the dominant paradigm has shown through studies and surveys that audiences retain the power and control of what messages that are sent to them through mass communication devices like television, radio and print. Alone with the findings of Paul F. The hypodermic model of media influence suggests that a message would be β†’

Example of non-verbal communication essay

Cafes are more vulnerable to the chatter of friends, allowing for both verbal and non-verbal communications to be seen and heard at the same time. According to Adler and Proctor , non-verbal communication plays a vital role in the process of identity management more than verbal communications and can also define the type of β†’

Uses of ict

This section will discuss the background of the study, the statement of the problems, the objectives of the study and the method and limitations of. The positive influence of ICT in schools continues to rise and can no longer be denied. Although, as yet, ICT is by no means at the heart of our β†’

Technology isolates people essay sample

Technology, in any invention, can change the behaviour of individuals and disconnect them from their environments, making it a relationship murderer. The first argument that explains why technology isolates people is the relationship that is built between the technological artifact and the individual. In other words, being able to listen only to it and not β†’

The lake of isle of innisfree

The first sentence starts with " I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree." It's showing the readers that he is keen to go to Innisfree and is determined to go away. The next stanza shows how the main character will live in Innisfree, and is comparing to the life before he was β†’

Best digital tv standard

The aim of my investigation is to find out the development path of the digital broadcasting standard in Europe, USA and Japan. The technical parameter of the station resulting in different coverage area and quality of audio or video service appear to be important economic factor that are the vital to the broadcaster in which β†’

Gender and communication essays example

Particulary, investigators and theorists take varying viewpoints on how much of gender is because of biological, culture and socialization and also as a result nature or evolutionary factors. The biological and cultural perspective explained gender difference in an appropriate way because each perspective has its own option hence creating the difference and one

Personal relationship and communication styles

It will be assessed the magnitude of the language of silence in Japan and the impact of non-verbal communications in every day life. Thirdly, the influences of the English language and the necessity which brings cultures to learn it will be briefly observed. According to Addler ; Elmhurst , the language of silence is β†’

Principle of speech communication book review example

The two main areas to consider when planning a speech is the type of speech and how to deliver it. This is the type of speech most used by sales people and students defending a thesis or dissertation.

Want answer of these question

Long Answer Questions 2x20= 40 marks Discuss the rationale behind the ' capabilities and human development' theory propounded by A.K.Sen. Analyse the growth profile of India's industrial production by ' use based classification' over the period 1960-2007. B. Short Answer Questions 2x6= 12 marks β†’

Evolution of breaking news

How reporters analyzed the news as it broke, the inclusion of visual components, and technological advances can be analyzed to see how breaking news has evolved. As early as the development of the telegraph, news has had a sense of urgency. While viewing YouTube clips of breaking news from different stations presents the evolution of β†’

Example of essay on learning disabilities

This paper will focus on the students with communication disorders, learning disabilities, giftedness and those with dual diagnosis and their respective causes and characteristics. Introduction The main objective of this paper is to define, expound on the characteristics and the root causes of communication disorders, learning disabilities and giftedness. β†’

Expository essay: reflect upon media’s role as the fourth estate

In this essay, I am going to write about the fourth estate, what a fourth estate is, why it's so relevant and the huge role it has to the common population. The fourth estate has been and is still to this day a significant part of a well-functioning democracy.

Face-to-face communication critical thinking example

For sure, this made a great impact on the way people communicate with each other today. No doubt, technologies led to the decline in face-to-face communication, especially, in business, as now many deals can be negotiated on the Internet. The reason was that customers stopped using live agents' help in order to make a deal. β†’

Wlan design and set up essay example

This is also influenced by the number of devices such as laptops that have the ability to connect to a wireless network hotspot reducing the number of cables required to establish a complete network. One of the main factors to consider while establishing any wireless network is network security. Setting up the network involves the β†’

Communication delay in children

It is therefore vitally important that child care practitioners are aware of the signs of communication and language delay in children and are equipped with the right tools and information to be able to help the children and their families. The practitioner will need to work alongside the therapist and the parents in order to β†’

Free research paper on sexual harassment or flirting: an egyptian dilemma

Literature Review The Interchangeability of Sexual Harassment and Flirting in a Social Context Conventionally, in the Egyptian society, flirting and sexual harassment have been viewed as " interchangeable". Thus, defining flirting and sexual harassment and the point where flirting becomes sexual harassment in the cultural context and social context of Egypt is important. β†’

Verizon communications inc.

WACC is equal to the weight used for debt multiplied by the after-tax cost of debt, plus weight used for preferred shares multiplied by the cost of preferred shares, plus weight used for common equity multiplied by the cost of retained earnings. Thus, the formula for WACC is as follows: WACC = wdkd + β†’

I am application paper essay example

I try to live in harmony with my surroundings and this is a reason why major of my characteristics matched the ones given by my family. A discover of a great value for me was that I have to perform better control over my emotions because I sometimes tend to be too emotional and hurt β†’

Modern day paralanguage

Another form of paralanguage that emerged in today's society is with the use of emoticons, and emoji's in text messages. In this paper it is clear to see that paralanguage is seen through the gestures of body language and tone of voice, but paralanguage has even expanded into the non-spoken, written form of communication.

Communication accommodation theory in american history x

In the film American History X, there are several examples help to illustrate the concept of convergence: Firstly, the attitude and the way of thinking towards Derek are influence by his father who is being murdered and killed by two black people during his duty as a firefighter. In one of the β†’

Communication studies introduction

Within Trinidad and Tobago, factors of the generation gap are quite evident in society. Several norms, mores and values established by the previous generations have been undermined and obviated by the current generation, the generation gap is also prevalent in today'smusic, fashion and the way we speak. This topic will help me β†’

Academic research akunna onyedum

ASPECTS OF THE PHONOLOGY OF GUNGANCHI LANGUAGE BABATUNDE, Oluwatobi Olayemi 07/15CB045 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND NIGERIAN LANGUAGES, FACULTY OF ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN ILORIN NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS MAY, 2011. The β†’

Business communication

0 OBJECTIVE After perusing this unit, students should be able to: ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Appreciate the vast scope of communication in modern world Distinguish between the process of communication and exercise of power Understand that one-way flow of information is a part of the overall process of communication Identify different types β†’

Good essay about need and related to the class introduction to law enforcement. write a brief

Introduction to Law Enforcement Introduction Law enforcement is the legal process of ensuring that laws and legislations of a state or a country are protected and persons who go against the constitutional requirements are charged and if found guilty are punished. William argues that law enforcement is a societal concern and duty β†’

Communication process model

This medium is hard to be ignored and in this campaign, the clincher is the absence of any other form of messaging as Billboards have a short attention p window and the conveying of a message, especially in the case of Billboards is expected to happen in the 1-3 second period of primary focus. This β†’

Telecommunications – mobile phones – engineering report

Analysis The History of Mobile Phones The history of mobile phones shows a deep understanding of Telecommunication and the development of devices which are connected wirelessly to a public switched telephone network. The transmission of speech by radio has a long and excessive history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore β†’

Self review essay samples

I can use these tools to make my presentation interesting to the audience. For instance, I need to improve my observation skills in order to observe behaviors of my audience when they are non-verbally during my presentation.

Communication barrier

Some of the local students or the Malaysian students also have the same problems when speaking English with the international students. Most of the international students do not like to be friend with the local students.

The effects of technology on formal writing essay examples

The use of phones and other technological devices affect the formality in writing, as I will discuss later in the writing. We only think of essays and emails whenever formal writing is mentioned. The findings indicates that most notably, the vast majority of teens " have eagerly embraced written communication with their peers as they β†’

Viral marketing essay sample

It's basically rapid multiplication, just like it happens in the case of viruses is what is sought in the case of viral marketing. Thus the message cuts across thousands and perhaps, hundreds of thousands in comparison to conventional marketing where it is the brick by brick approach that is time consuming and not so β†’

Roles of verbal and nonverbal communication

Nobody is to be left out for we all need to be on the same page when it comes to our clients, for they are the true essences of our company. The communication needs to be precise and to the point to keep the listeners attention.

Innovation in garmin global positioning system

Garmin is considered an innovator in the GPS market and doing a study based on a well known, high quality product, provided interest between our groups. Garmin focuses on embracing lifestyles of their consumers, whether it be Automotive; helping people reach their destination with ease, Marine; supplying essential charts and data, Aviation, Fitness, Outdoor Recreation, β†’

Essay on my 30 day development assignment

First of all, I am really thankful for being chosen to be a part of this 30 day development assignment as I believe that during the course of 30 days, I was able to hone my skills, most especially my interpersonal and communication skills, and gain a lot of relevant experiences about the profession β†’

Kingdom of matthias

The book is an attempt to find meaning and relevance in the Kingdom of Matthias. The authors of the book, Paul Johnson and Sean Wiletnz assert that the Kingdom of Matthias cannot simply be called an evangelical movement for a closer analysis of the movement will reveal that Matthias' religious vision does not run in β†’

Communication differences and strategies essay sample

Women use terms that are more descriptive and take longer to get to the point, while men tend to start with the direct point and fill in as needed. The use of sexist humor many be classified as a form of sexual harassment, because of the sharp edge of the " humorous" joke. Because β†’

Lebron interview analysis

With this decision Lebanon composed this essay in o deer to explain himself; to his Miami fans and the rest of the world. Lebanon will continue to argue that he desires to return home due to his love for Cleveland d, but he's hiding the truth.

Difference between raising boy and girl research paper example

One is that the boys are easier to be raised; the second one is that the girls are much easier to deal with. So in order to raise a real girl and the real boy the borders should be settled, or in other words the main difference between girl and boy β†’

3 steps to get more done in less time

You have to calendar what you are going to do and when you are going to do it. We settled on 40 minutes and he freed 80 minutes each day. Related: It's not enough to just schedule, you need to be precise about the amount of time the tasks actually take.

Example of research paper on sociology of the internet

Crime by the internet referred to as cybercrime have been on the increase because of the widespread usage of internet technology. The games which have sexual and violence elements have an impact on the future behaviour of the youth. The last activity influenced by the internet is politics where the technology is seen as a β†’

Communication strengths and weaknesses essay sample

This space exists in both types of communication verbal and non-verbal, and called as a " personal space". The main disadvantage is that non-verbal communication can be interpreted in different ways, and for this reason requires a special attention of communicators. That is why a messenger should be aware of the tone, pitch, and β†’

Contemporary diversity issues in communication

Prescriptive norms serve as a controlling force that is exerted by the community over its members , and globalization imposes the homogenization of language and culture to facilitate communication and relations. While the usefulness and convenience of having a standard language or culture, particularly in a businessenvironment, cannot be dismissed, this β†’

The summary of the movie maleficent

Then the story follows Maleficent's encounter with Stefan, a boy from the surrounding village belonging to the King, and her young-adult ventures. In the meantime, a fight breaks-out between Stefan's men and Maleficent.

Dissertation guide on wireless mobile communication technology in nigeria

With a population of approximately 140 million peoples and an area almost pning 1 million kilometres squared, although English is the official national language, regional languages still remain and are spoken across Nigeria. Languages including Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba, reflect the four main groups of which the population of Nigeria are subdivided; inNorth Africa, Hausa β†’

How to use the power of facebook to make money

ImranNaseem.com The next thing you need to do is simply create your group. Now Facebook allows you to enter your Group name so people can find you and also description (now in this box you can enter your URL for any website or affiliate link if you have one). So β†’

Long term results of earning my degree

I have learned that if I am starting to lose my concentration I will close my laptop and save what I was doing and return to it later. I say this because I will want to make sure my information that I use is credible and accurate.

Dbq manchester advice

B) The rubric requires an " explicitly stated thesis that addresses all parts of the question." The prompt here is: Identify the issues raised by the growth of Manchester and analyze the various reactions to those issues over the course of the 19th Century. Here is an organization that tracks the prompt β†’

Tailwaiters final project

Being in the tailgating industry, there is a lot of responsibility that lies with the organization as they offer catering services providing food, snacks and required equipment and also help the customers avoid the hassle of having to clean up the tailgate before going to watch a game. Managers' Responsibilities in Making β†’

Free research paper on best practices for workplace diveristy

Organization - In the modern era of business environment, when people of all age groups, cultures and genders work together to achieve the same goal, it important to maintain a healthy respect for one and all. - Personal opinions about any specific religion or gender should not form the basis for taking a professional decision. - β†’

Example of sensory perceptions creative writing

The paper examines the reliability of the human senses and interpretation of sensory information. Reasons for Believing in the Accuracy of Sensory Data The first the rationale for believing in accuracy of sensory information is based on the process through which humanity perceives experiences. The rational of believing in the accuracy of the sensory β†’

Fake news and it’s impact on our lives

In today's world it is challenging because one fake news can change the whole impact of the story and it can change the point of view of persons mind depending on situation. If fake news continue to grow then it can lead to the more major problem in every part of the world. LOCAL COMMUNITIES β†’

Account compromise and malicious activity on online social networks

For example, the user force identifies the title-holder of the trust account in being or the relation might be operated by an entity commonly considered as trust worthy, such as a popular news agency. Unfortunately, should the control over an account fall into the hands of a cyber-illegal, he can easily exploit this trust to β†’

Integrated marketing communications imc and its effectiveness in organizations

As IMC has previously been defined, its definition will be shown in the differences of the two types of organizations as well as providing a current real world example for review. " IMC as the promotional mix - managing the P that is promotion - but blending it with the communications efforts of other β†’

Delegation essay sample

Delegation is the process of transferring responsibility for the task to be performed to another person. The ANA Code of Ethics claims that delegation should be based on the judgment of RN taking into consideration condition of patient, nursing team members and their competence, and the supervision degree which is β†’

Good example of the use of physics in daily activities essay

Some of the specialties of healthcare that incorporate a lot of physics are medical imaging, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. This makes our lives easier and enjoyable. In simple terms, the application of physics is wide and far-reaching.

Free critical thinking about listener behavior

The analysis of Skinner on the function of the listener in the listener-speaker verbal episode places a lot of focus on meditation of reinforcement for the behavior of the speaker. Verbal behavior presents a distinction between the speaker and the listener. The behavior of the speaker is functionally different from the behavior of the listener.