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English flashcard essay

As a result of legalization on selling organs, a global black market in human organs has developed. Due to this, problem of transplant tourism has emerged, in which wealthy people moves to other countries where there lax in enforcing their laws in order to receive transplants using organs from desperately poor people. In other words, the black market for human organ is contributing to the exploitation of the poor. Donations of eggs are not that dangerous since it can again be produced by human body, but kidney donations are much riskier than donating eggs. Other factors like poverty may play a role in selling organs.

A person should only donate the organs if he wants to donate, without any financial pressure. Organ donation should be a voluntary act not a source of income. In this article she is comparing selling eggs with selling kidneys (p. 430). She also wants that donors should be allowed to charge reasonable rates for their organs.

She is certainly overlooking the facts that donating kidney is much more risky than donating eggs. She is also not considering the crimes like kidney theft is more prominent. In Journal of Mere Christianity (2006) an article was published with the title Russian Doctors Charged with Organ Stealing.

The article was about how the culprit doctors in Russia tried to remove kidneys from the accident victim (p. 51). Once it is legalized then those crime rates will definitely go high and poor people will be the one who gets exploited.

In fact, legalization would resulted in increased “ discrimination between poor and rich people” because the opportunity for those unable to afford to purchase to receive donated organ will be eliminated. She is right to some extend; if someone is selling their organs then they should be paid seasonably. Certainly the donor should be advantageous but the donor should not do this under economic pressure. If kidney donation saves someone’s life then it certainly should be done but we should not overlook the impacts on life of donor after the transplantation. Selling a kidney to a totally unknown person should be allowed only after the certain examination. I am not talking about the health check- up here, it is important too but it is obvious.

Some agency should make sure that the donor is not doing this under the financial pressure. In the Medical Ethics Advisor gained (2010) it is quoted that, “ from the point of view of coercion that we would want that donor making that donation voluntarily and not feeling pressure”(p. ). Hence the donor should be interviewed by psychiatrist or by a nurse before making a donation. What I am basically trying to prove is organ selling should not be done as a business. If the donor will set the price and sell the organs then a case like kidney brokering may arise where a middle man will meet the donor and receiver and make a commission out of it and the whole kidney donation thing will be a simple business.

She mentioned in the article that the willing donor should be allowed to charge for their organs (p. 430). This is the main reason why it is legalized so that it will not be the source of income. People started selling organ on the black market, but if something goes wrong they are out of luck. They are the one to pay for everything and they cannot go to court if the people they sold refuses to pay them. As well, if something goes wrong, they are on their own to pay for it, and cannot sue a doctor for malpractice. If they tried to do any of these things, they are admitting they broke he law, and can go to Jail Donating a kidney is a riskier procedure than donating eggs.

Unlike kidneys eggs can be reproduced by female body. So donating eggs does not degrade lifestyle. Although she is right that donating eggs includes a surgery hence it is more dangerous than donating sperm but in contrast with the removal of kidney from the body it does not change the lifestyle after a person recovers from the surgery. According to Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia under the title Hypertrophy, when one kidney is surgically removed leaving only one kidney to function number of ells can be increased resulting hyperplasia which in rare cases may lead to cancer (p. 1).

Kidney donation involves major surgery, and there are risks including bleeding and infection unlike eggs donation. Women have also died from strokes due to the Leprous injections and increased cancer rates in women. Aside from this, some women have also experienced complications from surgery, such as nicked arteries, have had their ovaries twist (torsion), and have produced far more eggs than is recommended because they are hyper stimulated to produce as many eggs as they an by doctors. Women aren’t sufficiently being informed of these risks before they agree to become egg “ donors. ” After one of the kidneys is removed the patient should spend time recovering in the hospital and at home.

With time the remaining kidney will enlarge as it takes on additional blood flow and filtration of wastes. When the Job of two kidneys is done by only one it is for sure to be in danger. Hence the donor should be kept under high care which in reality is not done because usually the donors are poor and vulnerable member of the society. Kidney transplantation is to an easy Job; it includes major surgery with high risks. Also for a donor to donate a kidney it should be made sure that the other kidney is healthy enough to live a normal life. If by any chance the remaining kidney is damaged or fails to perform its task the donor will have no hope to live.

Hence from all these points of views kidney donation is too dangerous and lots of precautions should be taken if someone thinks of doing so. Hence donation of kidney is far more dangerous than donating eggs. The poor people are exploited for the sake of rich people. Kidney transplantation is a official and dangerous process.

It hurts a lot and pain continues long after the surgery. Also after the surgery there is no guarantee that the person really will be able to live with Just one kidney. It might also cause some side effects in the donor’s body. Taking all these facts to count why would somebody donate the kidney to the stranger? There is only one answer and that is poverty. The rich do not do it, not even a middle class, only the poor people are likely to do it. Whenever money is traded for organs like kidney it will no longer be voluntary act.

In “ Is it Ever Right to Buy or Sell Human Organs? ” Jeremy Chapman(2010) argued that, “ The moment that money is introduced, the nature of the exchange and motivation changes with dangerous consequences and the donor changes, since those driven by money are poor and vulnerable”(p. 38). Poor people need money and will eventually take what they can get for an organ. Soot’s has also mentioned that around 80, 000 Americans now wait for a kidney (p. 429). According to Chapman in the same article, “ Some 2700 kidneys were discarded in the US last year. ” He also suggests that the first place to make changes is in the efficiency of the US systems (p.

38). Poor people are also exploited in the black market. Minor Marijuana(2010), an assistant professor in the department of anthropology and Center for Ethics and Humanities in Life Sciences at Michigan State University in East Lansing, MI, has found after his research, “ they are exploited in the black market; there is exploitation, and they are subject to sufferings”(p. ). After all these consequences illegal black market still exists driven primarily by wealthy recipients who can afford to pay for an organ and transplant in a foreign country.

There has been very little investigation and research into the arm that comes to people who sell their body parts for what they think will be economic gain. According to Marijuana, the harm is not only the physical harm, the seller also experiences bodily dysfunction along with the psychological harm (p. 5). Poor people do not even receive high amount of money for donating. The economic gain which we suppose poor donor will have, in the long run even that proves to be false. They cannot work as efficiently as they used to before resulting in low income than before.

Hence from all the angles donor does not receive any kind of advantage instead he will have plenty of health related problems. It is true that we need to expand the pool of organ available for transplant, but there are ways to do that without endangering the most vulnerable members of society. When somebody is desperately in need of the kidney and if there is a willing donor who wants to donate the kidney without any kind of family, financial and social pressure then donation should be done. During this process no person should be exploited and donor should be given with all the health facilities and donor is the one who should be taken care of. In reality converse is always true. In “ Organ Sales: Compromising Ethics” R Cohen (2006) argues that the laws barring organ sales are intended to protect those who, out of economic desperation, would be harmed by those with more money(p. 08).

These laws were made to protect the most vulnerable member of the society, but in reality it does not seem to happen. Organ donation should be advantageous to both, the donor and the receiver. It should be done in order to as someone’s life but in today’s world it looks like it saves receiver’s life but donor has sacrifice his. References Chapman, J. 2010, October). Is it ever right to buy or sell human organs.

New Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database: http://obscenest. Com Cohen, R. (2006). Organ sales: Compromising ethics.

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