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Education or training neets social work essay

ABSTRACT

The aim of this report is to look at Young People Service and look at those youths who are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEETs). In the post war decades most school leavers gained employment immediately after school and later in the 70s fewer than 1 in 5 16year olds stayed in full time education. In 2001 the government launched another initiative to reduce youth unemployment (the NEET group). The message of the British government regarding labour market policy in the recession has been that little needs to change in the established policy approach. Employers are paid a one off payment upon hiring those who have been in receipt of JobSeekers Allowance for six months. This was also unveiled in June 2009. The 2009 Budget additionally pledged that from January 2010, all under 25s who had been unemployed for 12 months will be guaranteed a job, training, placement or skills training for at least six months through the Future Job’s Fund. Youth unemployment is recognised as a serious societal problem and it has also other repercussions. Several people have pointed out that support for both the extreme right and left are greatest among youth that reside in urban areas with a high level of unemployment and poor living standards.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Literature Review

Background

Not in Employment, Education or Training

Policy of government in recession

Employment Subsidy Scheme

Future Jobs’ Fund

Changes in other countries

Youth Unemployment as Societal problem

Political Extremism

Conclusion

Recommendations

References

Introduction

The aim of this report is to look at Young People Service and look at those youths who are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEETs). This report will review the current government policy and practice changes towards youth employment, education and training and the impact on professionals working with these youths and service users. In doing this research global and local aspects of youth unemployment will be looked at. In the last decades unemployment in United Kingdom According to Kathryn Neckerman urban riots and racial tension focused public attention to youth and so both Labour and Conservatives governments responded to these developments with special employment measures or job training, placements and public sector employment. The government is planning to work together with business, local government, voluntary groups and local communities to support the youths by promoting skills, work experience, apprenticeships and internship opportunities (Cabinet Office, 2012). In this report youth unemployment is a term used to define people who are between the ages 16 – 24 years who are not in education has risen to unprecedented levels unknown since the Great Depression., employment or training (NEETs) (Department of Work and Pensions 2012). The number of unemployed people has fallen by 45 000 in the United Kingdom to 2. 63 million in the beginning of 2012. Number of youth unemployment is now on 1. 02 million which is a reduction of 17 000 even though UK is in recession (PROSPECT 2012)

Literature Review

Background

In the post war decades (Cregan 2003) states that most school leavers gained employment immediately after school and later in the 70s fewer than 1 in 5 16year olds stayed in full time education. Unemployment increased sharply after 1979. The policy of vocationalism which aimed to provide and accredit vocational courses appealed to a group that had previously felt excluded from narrow academic education previously offered in British Sixth Form (Roberts 1995). In the 1980s the two main transfer schemes for the unemployed people in the UK consisted of a flat rate contributory Unemployment Benefit (UB) and means tested Income Support (IS) and during the 1990s, benefit eligibility became more conditional on employment focused criteria, largely as a two major pieces of legislation the JobSeekers Allowance Act, 1996 (JSA) and the introduction of a New Deal programmes after 1997 (Clasen, 2005.) According to Clasen JobSeekers Allowance halved the maximum duration of contributory benefit, introduced a stricter work test, widened the definition of availability for employment and required claimants to sign a job seekers agreement setting the steps they had to take to find a job.

Not In Employment, Education or Training

In 2001 the government launched another initiative to reduce youth unemployment (the NEET group). Ken Roberts states that a Career Service was introduced and this service was absorbed into what was called the Connexions Service which provided career advice alongside targeted employment and training support for young people who were on NEET with more resources and a priority target of scaling down the NEET total but unfortunately this did not work. This Connexion Service was rolled out in England in stages. The first services were created in 2001, 2nd stage in 2002 and the final group in 2003. In 1992 the unemployment rate among the 16-17year olds was double the overall unemployment rate and by 2003 it had quadrupled the general rate.

Policy of Government in Recession

According to Daniel Clegg (Feb 2010) the message of the British government regarding labour market policy in the recession has been that little needs to change in the established policy approach. The 2008 pre-budget report argued that the reforms to JobCentre Plus (JCP) and JobSeeker Allowance (JSA) since the late 1990s have provided a strong regime that will enable the UK to meet the challenges of employment. A Welfare Reform Bill proposing to further extend job search requirements, enhance and personalise benefit conditionality and deepen the involvement of private and voluntary providers in labour markets reintegration that is being introduced in the flexible New Deal which was published in 2009

Employment Subsidy Scheme

Employers are paid a one off payment upon hiring those who have been in receipt of JobSeekers Allowance for six months. This was also unveiled in June 2009.

Future Jobs’ Fund

Clegg further reiterates that the 2009 Budget additionally pledged that from January 2010, all under 25s who had been unemployed for 12 months will be guaranteed a job, training, placement or skills training for at least six months through the Future Job’s Fund.

Changes in other countries

To respond to the recession, other countries have also come up with measures to curb unemployment. Clegg alleges that the Spanish government introduced measures of providing employers with a subsidy of up to the maximum benefit rate payable for three years upon the recruitment of an unemployed worker and also a similar but less generous scheme was launched in Greece. In France, temporary social contribution holiday has been implemented for all very small firms ( with fewer than 10 workers) hiring in 2009 and a pre-existing measure known as the Professional Transition Contract which provide intensive help with job search over a 12 month period during which the beneficiary is a entitled to higher benefit payment. The Swedish government has invested considerable extra resources in the public employment service to improve personalised job search assistance and earmarked an equal sum to finance an employment subsidy for all so called new start jobs.

Youth Unemployment as Societal problem

Youth unemployment is recognised as a serious societal problem, (Goede) and it has also other repercussions. The work environment is regarded as a provision for opportunities for learning, showing initiative, developing social contacts and self reliance (Warr et al, 1985: Warr 1987) and unemployment can be expected to have a negative impact on the growth and even mental health of an individual.

Youth Unemployment Lack Respect of Authority

According to (Bay 2002) it is natural that youth who experience unemployment and particularly long term unemployment also build a lack of faith in the authorities. They have a perception that the authorities lack the ability or will to solve their problems and become particularly disillusioned. Youth unemployment can thus contribute to undermining the legitimacy of the political leadership and political parties in society. Unemployment represents a mobilisation potential. Unemployment among the youth has been particularly associated with the growth and support for right wing extreme parties or groups (Cochrane & Billig 1983)

Political Extremism

Several people have pointed out that support for both the extreme right and left is greatest among youth that reside in urban areas with a high level of unemployment and poor living standards (Bay 2002) however Roberts and Parsell (1990) argue that it is more likely that the unemployed are potential alienated and express their alienation in vandalism and conflict with police. Two studies from Australia concluded that unemployed youth more so than employed persons favoured direct political action and law breaking (Clark & Clissold, 1982: Clark, 1985)

Impact on professionals and service users

Professionals who are working in human services helping young people are trained people from, Learning providers, colleges, Academic, Universities, Local Authorities, Connections, Charities, Employers, Youth Offending Team and many more. These professionals work under the legislatives which guide them when dealing with young people, The Children’s Act 1989, The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 and the Criminal Justice Act 1991. Professionals must keep good standards in practice, to be committed to their work and being able to identify people’s problems and know how to solve them. Hence more work and crimes will be created when young people are not getting work. The impacts these professionals are facing are ethical issues which include legal issue that is supposed to be kept private and confidentiality. Every individual should be given respect, dignity and must be treated as individual (Thompson 2000). Professional has to work together with the service users to have a better understanding of their needs and to encourage them in decision making and activities which is important in their lives (Barnes and Conttrel 2011).

Conclusion

In the post war period people gained employment immediately after leaving school but as time went on young people found it difficult to find work after leaving school. As the youth unemployment and unemployment in general came to unbearable levels the government came up with policies to help the unemployed by launching a flat rate contributory Unemployment Benefit (UB) and means tested Income Support (IS) and during the 1990s, benefit eligibility became more conditional on employment focused criteria, largely as a two major pieces of legislation the JobSeekers Allowance Act, 1996 (JSA) and the introduction of a New Deal programmes after 1997 (Clasen, 2005).

The costs of youth unemployment for individuals and the communities they live in

is enormous. But youth unemployment also results in significant costs to the public

purse. For all of the reasons above, youth unemployment translates into higher

spending on benefits, lost income to the exchequer through tax receipts forgone, and

higher spending on services such as the NHS or the criminal justice system.

Research for the Commission found that in 2012, youth unemployment is likely to

cost the Exchequer approximately £4. 8 billion (more than the 2011-12 budget for

further education for 16- to 19-year-olds in England)

12

, and the wider economy £10. 7

billion in lost output

Recommendation

The new polices need to be put into practice as youth unemployment will spoil their life.

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