Culturethoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, & institutions of groups (racial, ethnic, religious, or social)Ethnicityshared identity r/t social & cultural heritage (eg: values, language, geographical space, & racial characteristics) ONECU N3200 FINAL PART 2 SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowCultural competenceprocess of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, & attitudes to ensure delivery of culturally congruent careComponents of cultural competence-awareness (in-depth self-examination)
-knowledge (comparative knowledge of diverse groups)
-skills (ability to assess factors influencing care & tx)
-encounters (engagement in cross-cultural interactions)
-desire (motivation & commitment to caring)Communicationlifelong learning practice & essential attribute of RN. Builds relationship to share informationIntrapersonal communicationcommunication within an individual. Self-talk or inner thoughtInterpersonal communicationone-on-one interaction. Heart of nursing practice – means to establishment of help-trust relationshipTranspersonal communicationcommunication within spiritual domain (prayer, meditation, guided reflection)Small-group communicationinteraction with a small number of peoplePublic communicationinteraction with an audienceReferentmotivation for communicationSender/receiverpeople involved in active process of communicationMessagecontent of communication (verbal, nonverbal, & symbolic language)Channelsmeans of conveying & receiving messages – auditory, visual, & tactile channelsFeedbackmessage receiver returns to sender. Indicates if receiver understood original messageComponents of verbal communicationvocabulary, intonation, denotative & connotative meaning, clarity & brevity, and timing & relevanceDenotative & connotative meaningdenotative – literal (dictionary) meaning
connotative – interpretation of a word influenced by thoughts or feelings people have about the wordComponents of nonverbal communicationpersonal appearance, posture & gait, facial expression, eye contact, gestures, sounds, and territoriality & personal spaceTerritorialityneed to gain, maintain, & defend one’s right to space. Provides identity, security, & controlPersonal spaceinvisible, individual, & travels with personSymbolic communicationverbal & nonverbal symbolism to convey meaning. Eg: art, music, & danceMetacommunicationbroad term; all factors influencing communication. Sometimes incongruence btw word & body languagePhases in nurse-pt communication1 – preinteraction phase
2 – orientation phase
3 – working phase
4 – termination phaseTherapeutic communicationencourages expression of feelings & ideas; conveys acceptance & respectActive listening – therapeuticSOLER: Sitting forward, Open posture, Leaning in, Eye contact, RelaxNontherapeutic communication techniquespersonal questions, personal opinions, changing the subject, automatic responses (stereotypes), false reassurance, sympathy, asking for explanations, approval or disapproval, arguing, and defensive, passive, or aggressive responsesSBAR benefits-standardizes & organizes essential info
-pertinent & focused
-common expectationsSituation (SBAR)name, unit, patient, problemBackground (SBAR)admission date & dx, pertinent medical hx & txAssessment (SBAR)vital signs, on oxygen, pt complaints, change from prior nursing assessmentRecommedation (SBAR)testing, medication, notification, when to call againSBAR trigger phase” I need some clarification…” SBAR documentation-change in condition
-notification of HCP
-orders
-reassessmentNurse Practice Act – components specific to documentation-recording & reporting nursing assessment
-recording & reporting the plan for care, care provided, & pt responseCore standards for documentationclient-focused, relevant, comprehensive & concise, accurate, timely, confidential, permanent record of carePt education goals-maintenance of health and illness prevention
-restoration of health
-coping with impaired functioningTeachinginteractive process that rpomotes learningLearningpurposeful acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, & skillsBasic learning principles-motivation to learn
-ability to learn
-learning evironmentDomains of learningcognitive: intellectual behaviors; requires thinking
affective: expression and acceptace of feelings, attitudes, opinions, & values
psychomotor: integration of mental & muscular abilityAnalogysupplement of verbal instruction with familiar images. Eg: blood through arteries is like water in hoseRole playpeople are asked to play themselves or someone elseSimulationteaches problem-solving, application, & independent thinkingEthicsstudy of conduct & characterBeneficencehelping othersNonmaleficence” do no harm”; not using a tx that causes more harm than goodNurse’s primary committmentpatientValuepersonal belief influencing behaviorEthical issues involve at least one of what 3 criteria-cannot be solved through review of data
-difficult to make a decision re problem
-answer will have a profound meaning to a human interestTortcivil wrong made against person/property: assault, battery, false imprisonment, defamation, negligence (falls below standard), malpractice (professional negligence)Assaultperson is fearfulBatteryintentional touching w/o consent
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