Drug study

DRUG STUDY DRUG ACTION INDICATION / CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Generic Name: Cephalexin Classification: Cephalosporin Dosage: 500 mg capsule Frequency: TID Route: PO Mechanism of Action: They stop or slow the growth of bacterial cells by preventing bacteria from forming the cell wall that surrounds each cell. The cell wall protects bacteria from the external environment and keeps the contents of the cell together. Adverse Reactions: diarrhea, nausea, sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, skin rash, fever, confusion, weakness, abnormal liver tests and vaginitis. Indications: Treatment of infections caused by susceptible pathogens in respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, soft tissue and bone. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to drug, colitis, GI disorders, renal impairment, liver impairment, pregnancy, infants below 1 month. – Observe the 10 rights o Right Patient o Right Drug o Right Dose o Right Time o Right Route o Right to refuse o Right Assessment o Right Education o Right Documentation o Right Evaluation – Ask for any history of Allergy to the drug, renal failure, hepatic impairment, GI disorders – Advise patient to complete prescribed course of therapy to – Tell patient that yogurt and buttermilk can help maintain intestinal flora and decrease diarrhea during therapy. – Urge patient to immediately report watery, bloody stools DRUG ACTION INDICATION / CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Generic Name: ATS (Anti-tetanus Serum) Brand Name: Equine Classification: Immunologic Agent Dosage: 3000 IU Frequency: STAT Route: IM Mechanism of Action: Anti-tetanus Serum binds to the tetanus toxin in your blood, blocking the toxin’s action on the body’s systems. Adverse Reactions: Fever, itching or skin rashes, swelling joints, pains, administering the serum with positive sensitivy test result may lead to anaphylactic shock. Indications: Prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity reaction to the serum globulin or any of its components, a hypersensitivity reaction to a test dose, and any condition that will contraindicate intramuscular injection such as thrombocytopenia. – Observe 10 rights in giving medications: o Right Patient o Right Drug o Right Dose o Right Time o Right Route o Right to refuse o Right Assessment o Right Education o Right Documentation o Right Evaluation – Ask for any history of allergy to the drug – Assess site for administration – Monitor for any occurrence of side effects – Perform skin testing before administration DRUGS ACTION INDICATION / CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Generic Name: Cefuroxime Classification: Antibiotic Frequency: Q8° Route: IVTT Dose: 750mg Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal: Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death. Adverse Reaction: CNS: Headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence GU: Nephrotoxicity Hematologic: Bone marrow depression Hypersensitivity: Ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis; serum sickness reaction Local: Pain, abcess at injection site, phlebitis, inflammation at IV site Indications: – Lower respiratory infections – Dermatologic infections – UTI – Meningitis – Bone and joint infections – Septicemia – Treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis Contraindications: – Contraindicated with allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins – Use cautiously with renal failure, lactation, pregnancy – Observe 10 rights in giving medications:  Right Patient  Right Drug  Right Dose  Right Time  Right Route  Right to refuse  Right Assessment  Right Education  Right Documentation  Right Evaluation – Culture infection and arrange fotr sensitivity tests before and during therapy if expected response is not seen. – Have vitamin K available in case hypoprothrombinemia occurs – Discontinue if hypersensitivity reaction occurs. – Instruct patient to avoid alcohol while taking this drug and for 3 days after because severe reactions often occur. DRUGS ACTION INDICATION / CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Generic Name: Tramadol Sodium Classification: Opioid Analgesic Frequency: Q6° Route : IVTT Dose: 50mg Mechanism of Action: Binds to mu-opioid receptors receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin Adverse Reaction: CNS: Sedation, dizziness or vertigo, headache, confusion, dreaming, sweating, anxiety, seizures CV: hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia Dermatologic: sweating, pruritus, rash, pallor, urticaria GI: Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, flatulence Indications: – Relief of moderate to moderately severe pain – Relief of moderate to severe chronic pain in adults who need around-the-clock treatment for extended periods Contraindications: – Contraindicated with allergy to tramadol or or opiods or acute intoxication with alcohol, opioids, or psychoactive drugs. – Use cautiously with pregnancy, lactation; seizures; concomitant use of CNS depressants; renal impairment; hepatic impairment – Observe 10 rights in giving medications:  Right Patient  Right Drug  Right Dose  Right Time  Right Route  Right to refuse  Right Assessment  Right Education  Right Documentation  Right Evaluation – Control environment (temperature, lighting) if sweating or CNS effects occur. – Limit use in patients with past or present history of addiction t or dependence on opioids. – Instruct patient to report severe nausea, dizziness, severe constipation DRUGS ACTION INDICATION / CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Generic Name: Tetanus Toxoid Brand Name: Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed Classification: Antisera & immunologicals Frequency: STAT Route : IM Dose: 0. 5 mL Mechanism of Action: Induces active immunity to the tetanus antigen by stimulating the immune system to produce specific antitoxin. Adverse Reaction: Mild injection site reactions like transient swelling, rash, fever, malaise, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, arthralgias, pruritus, dizziness. Indications: – provide protection (immunity) against tetanus – Booster dose – Pregnant women who have not completed primary vaccination against tetanus – Primary immunization Contraindications: – Contraindicated to patients who has hyperthermia or other evidence of acute illness – Pregnancy; lactation – History of Guillian-Barre syndrome – Observe 10 rights in giving medications:  Right Patient  Right Drug  Right Dose  Right Time  Right Route  Right to refuse  Right Assessment  Right Education  Right Documentation  Right Evaluation – Do not administer IV. – Withhold vaccination in moderate or severe febrile illness – Before injection, the skin over the site to be injected should be cleansed with a suitable germicide. – Inject intramuscularly in the area of the vastus lateralis (mid-thigh laterally) or deltoid. The vaccine should not be injected into the gluteal area or areas where there may be a major nerve trunk.