Criminal theory

Criminal theory Criminology is a result from certain offensive acts in the society where theorists have made distinct arguments towards the scene. Robert Merton argues that the main source of variations in the society which endorse people to engage criminal acts entail cultural disintegration contrary to biological factors as argued by scientists. Robert states that the deserve for wealth has highly been embraced in many states for instance Americans have specific cultural norms which lead to victory and a criminal act like anomic suicide is associated to a failure to comply such obligations. Critically, Robert provides adaptive modes in which people engage to meet their goals. They include innovation where people break laws to meet their destiny (Cullen and Steven, 21). Secondly, conformity is a means of acceptable methods of attaining the respective goals. Ritualism entails an act of repelling societal goals to comply with its means hence reach the obligated goal. Further, retreat entail deviant act to attain the obligated goal without following the societal norm. Finally, rebellion engages in the acquisition of the set objectives through replacement of the societal norms.
Strain theory elaborates the social characters in the society, which endorse a citizen to engage in criminal acts. Research denotes that it entails structural or individual acts. It is a theory implemented by Sutherland to elucidate how crime is committed. He established nine tenets stating that it is a learned criminal act since no one is born with such knowledge. The victims use gestures and words they do not leak their techniques to the public. Thirdly, they learn in small groupings where people exchange their behaviors. It is a concept, which entails motivation of criminal altitude, and techniques to pursue the act. He elaborated that the law expresses the right and wrong to the victim to enhance a remedy to the scene. He stated that criminology establishes through repetition of the act. Further, differential theory occurs in the interval of duration, priority, and power. Additionally, he indicated that the study of criminology is identical with any otherstudy. Finally, every individual has a chance for a criminal accusation in that we all have similar needs and values.
Socialization entails acceptable characters in a group, which bind them in an understanding phenomenon. Information asserts that the role involves specific techniques. They entail modeling where an individual manipulates an effective relation with another in the interest of certain characters. Secondly, selective exposure includes management of the environment whose exposure is based on eradication of negative characters. Further, identification entails determination of favorable characters, which invite a person to a certain group. The Positive and negative reinforcement plays a critical role in tracing once social group through determination of the types of feedback. Further, Mazta and Sykes provided basic techniques towards the situation, which justify the moral acts of the citizens in the society, which entail denial of responsibility, injury, and the victim. These actions grant an opportunity for a criminal act in the sense that most of them engage in crime out of misrepresentation. Further, they argued on the base of appeals for greater loyalties where a person claims that the crime occurred for the great merit in the society.
Critical theory entails the study of social character in the human phenomenon through social sciences and humanities. Critical theory entails humanities where a study on the human character occurs. Further, it considers culture a component, which associates the norms of the people in the community. Capitalism engages in a contradictory situation in the society concerning the aspect of productivity. It is a concept emphasized by the capitalist mode of production, which deserves freedom. In the first step, they argue that the economic crisis occur because dialectical contradiction is inherent in the capitalist mode of production. Further, research argues that the fundamental contradiction of capitalism emanates from the effects of dialectical contradiction. Finally, the contradiction of production and consumption, which occurred due to failure of people to produce adequate food for the society is favored by high technology leading to the production of surplus food. Critically, such approaches have enhanced criminal acts in the society through the termination of the cultural norms in the community.
Work cited
Cullen, Francis T., and Steven F. Messner. ” The making of criminology revisited An oral history of Mertons anomie paradigm.” Theoretical Criminology 11. 1 (2007): 5-37.