Criminal law research paper examples

The cultures of Jail and prison are considered to be losing battles for the entire prison system. Overly, the jails seek to try doing their best towards segregating the gangs even though they have very limited abilities as they have to embrace resources which are well available to them. This way, the subculture of life within prison as well as jails is that which speaks of comprehensive brotherhood and bonding and is not easily broken. For the subculture of both jails and prison life, there are due hierarchies, gang and family ties together with unwritten codes among the inmates in which they live (Oxford University Press. 2010). This way, the subculture for the aggressive masculinity that are openly known across the inmates and ultimately, the prison officials alike forms the paramount factor for the assessment of whether or not prison officials act within deliberate actions.
One of the major differences between jails and prisons is the fact that jails are mostly run by the sheriffs and local governments and are basically designed for purposes of holding individuals while they await trial or serve short sentences. On the other hand, the prisons are normally operated by the state governments coupled with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). These ones are designed for purposes of holding individuals who are convicted of crimes. Further, jails operate on work release programs, boot camps as well as other specialized services trying to address educational needs, vocational needs, and substance abuse needs within the management of inmate behavior (Bayse, 1995). Subsequently, the state prison systems run halfway houses, community restitution centers and work release centers which are all considered to be minimum or medium custody.
In America, the criminal justice system requires the jails for the purposes of keeping up with the various incoming offender populations. Further, the overall conservator of the peace has the responsibility of keeping all individuals committed for certain defined temporary confinement within the stated jurisdiction. Additionally, all sheriffs in charge of jails across the country are responsible for the keeping such individuals that are confined to the county jail for less-than-a-year terms. Even though such jails withhold most individuals from reaching such prison populations, some have contracts with various government entities to temporarily continue holding the convicted (Oxford University Press. 2010). The people convicted of such offenses will normally register higher than misdemeanors and are mostly held within the jail level based on maximum capacities reached by the federal and state levels.
The criminal justice systems that are locally integrated are in a position of supporting diverse aspects of networks based on centralized or decentralized correctional programs majorly for diverse types of offenders. For example, in Minnesota, the local advisory boards for community corrections are composed of county sheriffs, probation agents, judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and chiefs of police as well as other local officials creating a comprehensive correction plan for purposes of improving the justice administration process at such local levels. The ideal plans offer a detailed explanation for the different types of punishment within the community that are available to the judges as well as other criminal justice officials while sentencing offenders (Bayse, 1995). Such integrated systems will essentially include the restitution programs meant for nonviolent offenders. The offenders’ wages are directly applied to restitution, court-ordered fees and fines, and board and room.
With regard to violent behavior in jails and prisons, some of the problems found to be rather difficult in terms of understanding is the fact that immediately people are found guilty for committing crimes and are sentenced to prison, they are never told that there is a great chance for physical abuse that is included within their sentence. More than likely, most people walk in unaware but most would hold the thought that the newcomers get some level of warning in terms of what they expect when they do time in their first instance (Oxford University Press. 2010). While a whole range of people continue feeling considerably free to keep sitting within the public areas without feeling the threatened of surprise occurrence of violent attacks at any moment, this becomes not simply the case especially for those who are under incarceration.
Both parole and probation provide the offenders with chances of being in the ‘ outside’ environment of the confinements while they are still under the continued supervision for the criminal justice system as well as subject to instant incarceration in the event that they mess up. This relieves overcrowding issues within the jails and prisons. In the event that all offenders issued with different sentences received in court are held, the current jails and prisons capacity would turn to be unable of effectively holding everyone safely (Bayse, 1995). Offenders that fail to follow up within their meetings due to the fact that they are not able to pay the stated probation fees are sent back to prison. Any form of violations in this case is normally enough to eventually put people into prison as illustrated by most ex-offender.

References

Bayse, D. J. (1995) Working in Jails and Prisons: Becoming Part of the Team. New York: Amer Correctional Assn
Oxford University Press. (2010) Prisons and Jails: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. New York: Oxford University Press