Copyright © glencoe/mcgraw-hill, a division of the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. name date class

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Name Date Class The Nonliving Environment 33 Chapter 25 Section 1 Abiotic Factors A. Living or once-living environmental features are called biotic factors; ________biotic________ factors are nonliving physical features. B. Atmosphere–the ______abiotic______ that surrounds Earth C. _______soil_______–the major ingredient of the fluid inside the cells of all organisms D. ______soil_______–a mixture of mineral and rock particles, the remains of dead organisms, water, and air E. _________sunlight________–the source of energy for most life on Earth F. Most organisms’ body __________heat___________ should stay within the range of 0°C to 50°C for survival. 1. Temperature is affected by ________latitude_________; areas closer to the equator are warmer than areas farther from the equator. 2. _________elevation_________–distance above sea level that affects temperature, wind, and soil G. Climate–an area’s average ______weather__________ conditions over time, including temperature, precipitation, and wind 1. For most living things, __________temperature__________ and _________precipitation_____________ are the two most important components of climate. 2. Heat energy from the Sun creates air currents called _______wind_______ Section 2 Cycles in Nature A. Earth’s biosphere contains a fixed amount of water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other materials that _______cycle_______ through the environment and are reused by different organisms. B. Water cycle–how water moves from Earth’s surface to the __________evaporate_________ and back to the surface again 1. Evaporation–when liquid water changes into water ______gas________ and enters the atmosphere 2. ________ condensation _____________–the process of changing water from a gas to a liquid 3. When water drops become large and heavy enough, they fall to the ground as rain or other __________liquids____________. C. _____________water cycle__________–the transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere 1. Nitrogen fixation–a process in which some types of soil _________bacteria________ can form the nitrogen compounds that plants need 2. Farmers replace nitrogen in the soil by growing nitrogen-fixing crops or using __________plants__________ that contain nitrogen compounds that plants need for growth. D. _______soil nitrogen_________–how carbon molecules move between the living and nonliving world 1. Producers remove __________carbon_________________ from the air during photosynthesis. 2. _______carbon cycle__________–the chemical process that provides energy for cells Section 3 Energy Flow A. Matter can be ________recycled_________ over and over again, but energy is _____not __________from one form to another. 1. During _________photosynthesis_______________ producers convert light energy to chemical energy. 2. ___________chemosynthesis____________–the production of energy-rich nutrient molecules from chemicals B. Energy stored in the molecules of one organism is transferred to another when one organism becomes _______food______ for another organism. 1. ___________energy transfer_________–a simple way of showing how matter and energy pass from one organism to another 2. Food web–shows all the possible feeding ____relationship____ among the organisms in a community C. ___energy pyramid_____–shows the amount of energy available at each feeding level in an ecosystem Meeting Individual Needs Note-taking Worksheet (continued)