Policies of all these counties all similarly focus on the anti-discrimination, human rights and equality on disables in society. In the meantime, the Government ensures disabled people have a meaningful partnership with communities and support agencies, based on respect and equality. However, The New Zealand Disability Strategy presents a long-term plan for changing New Zealand from a disabling to an inclusive society. It has been developed with disabled people reflecting many individual’s experiences of disability. Also, sign language is made to become one of the official language in NZ, this does not happen in the other two countries.
The international policies on aging
The policy on aging in New Zealand
Age concern the New Zealand government and non-governmental policy making activities play an important role. This is also actively take the initiative to solve the problems of the elderly directly with the government. The proposed law change may directly harm the elderly or indirect consequences. Age Concern New Zealand’s spots have gone through. Problems caused by existing laws and unfair to the elderly, Age Concern New Zealand with the relevant minister or agency efforts solutions. Amendments to existing laws or regulations is one of the solutions that we can provide. For media comment policy issues outside the scope of, can draw on the expertise of our policy.
New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy 2001 provides a framework for the development and understanding of policy impact on older persons. 10 goals of the strategy guiding policies and programs, across central and local government, for the participation of older persons in their communities, and the way they choose to improve the opportunities. The positive aging reflects the attitudes and experiences of older people on their own, as well as the younger generation how to look at the aging of the population, including their own aging. Active and healthy aging, health, financial security, independence, self-fulfillment, personal safety and living environment for older New Zealanders consider. 10 goals of the strategy by the central and local government agencies to develop their own plan of action to improve the health of the elderly. This will ensure that we are moving in the same direction.
The policy on aging in the Viet Nam
The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1992)-General Provisions Chapter I & II
Rights and obligations of the elderly
To be guaranteed with basic food, clothing, lodging, movement and healthcare needs;
To decide to live with their children, grandchildren or to live separately at their own will;
To be given priority in the use of services under this Law and other relevant laws;
To be provided with conditions to participate in cultural, educational, physical training, sports, entertainment, tourist and recreation activities;
To be provided with conditions to work in suitability to their health and professions and other conditions in order to bring into full play their role;
To be exempt from contributions to social activities, except voluntary contributions; To be given priority in the receipt of relief in cash or in kind, healthcare and lodgings with a view to overcoming initial difficulties when they meet with difficulties due to consequences of natural disasters or other force majeure circumstances;
To join in the Vietnam Elderly Association under the Association’s charter.
The State’s policies towards the elderly
To allocate appropriate annual budgets for the realization of policies to take care of and bring into full play the role of the elderly.
To provide social patronage to the elderly under this Law and other relevant laws.
To incorporate policies for the elderly into policies on socio-economic development.
To develop gerontology so as to meet the elderly’s medical examination and treatment needs; to train personnel to take care of the elderly.
To encourage and create conditions for the elderly to do physical exercises; to participate in learning, cultural and spiritual activities: to live in a safe environment and be respected in dignity; to bring into play their role in the cause of national construction and defense.
To encourage and support agencies, organizations and individuals in carrying out propaganda on and education about the sense of respect for and gratitude to the elderly, taking care of and bringing into full play the role of the elderly.
To commend agencies, organizations and individuals that record outstanding achievements in taking care of and bringing into full play the role of the elderly.
To strictly handle agencies, organizations and individuals that commit acts of violating this Law and other relevant laws.
Obligations and rights to take care of the elderly
Taking care of the elderly means caring for their spiritual and material lives, aiming to satisfy their basic food, clothing, lodging, travel and healthcare needs as well as entertainment, recreation, information, communication and learning needs.
Persons having the obligations and rights to take care of the elderly are their children and grandchildren and other persons obliged to take care of or provide financial supports under the law on marriage and family.
Persons having the obligations and rights to take care of the elderly shall, depending on their specific circumstances, arrange the elderly’s lodgings suitable to their health and psychological conditions; provide financial assistance; pay hospitalization and healthcare costs and encourage the elderly when they fall sick: organize funerals when they die.
Persons having the obligations and rights to take care of the elderly shall cooperate with one another in looking after them.
The policy on aging in Philippines
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7432 Section 1. Statement of policies and goals. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Constitution, it is the responsibility of the family to take care of its elderly members, countries can design their social security schemes. In addition to this paragraph. 10 Declaration principles and the national policy stipulates: ” The State shall provide social justice in various stages of development of the country.” In addition, Sec. 11 stipulates: ” The State shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health care and other social services available to all people at affordable cost. Should give priority to the needs of the underprivileged patients, the elderly, the disabled, women and children. ” consistent with these constitutional principles, policies announced by the Act :
In order to motivate and encourage the elderly to contribute to nation-building;
They reaffirmed the traditional Filipino valuable life to take care of the elderly in order to encourage their families and communities;
The full support of the elderly and their full participation in society, taking into account the old part of Philippine society, the improvement of the total well-being;
To recognize the rights of older people in the community to take an appropriate position. This must be the concern of families, communities and government;
In order to provide comprehensive health care and rehabilitation system suitable for use by the disabled senior citizens, to develop their ability to achieve more meaningful and productive aging;
To recognize that the private sector in improving the welfare of the elderly, and to actively seek their partnership in an important role.
Comparisons to policies operated in New Zealand
The policies on aging among these three countries do not differ significantly. The benefits to elderly are mostly covered in nearly all aspects. Considerations are also made to the living style of the elderly. Some of these principles include that in a community, meeting the need of an individual especially based on their individual condition and not based on their age. Some would be that the services provided by the government should be fair and equal. In The New Zealand Positive Ageing Policy, it aims to assist older people to remain in their own for improving their sense of independence and self-confidence.
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The international service delivery policies on disability
The service delivery policy on disability in New Zealand
Equipment and Modification Services
NASCs contract department to work with people with disabilities, to help determine their needs and disability support services available to them. They assigned the Ministry of funded support services, and access to other support and assistance.
Equipment for disabled people of all ages
Accessibility and New Zealand accepting applications assessors. Check the application to ensure that the tax assessment has to consider a lot of support and equipment options for you. This is in order to allow any device you might be appropriate and useful for you. For example, wheelchairs, shower stools, walking frames and sticks, mobility canes, communication devices (for speaking and/or writing) and hearing equipment such as visual or vibrating smoke alarms.
Housing modifications for disabled people of all ages
Housing modifications that may be funded by the Ministry of Health, such as installation of handrails, ramps or level access showers and widening of doors.
Vehicle modifications for disabled people of all ages
Such as a wheelchair carrier, van hoist or hand controls.
Community Residential Support Services
Community Residential Support Services lets you live in your community family-like environment, while receiving support 24 hours a day. This may include help things, such as: shopping, preparation and cooking, doing housework, such as washing your clothes and vacuuming your personal care, such as food, drink, dress and undress, bathe, to do your neighbors, such as watching movies and visiting friends.
Community Day Services
Community day services help disabled adults who can’t find work to take part in their community and improve their personal skills by providing access to regular meaningful social contact and stimulating activities. Activities may include: daily living skills, education and learning activities, social activities and recreation and leisure activities.
Child Development Services
Child development services, community-based, usually occurs in your home, or sometimes in a community environment. Focus on early intervention, in order to achieve the best results for your child’s services. They will encourage and help your child achieve their potential. For your children, they will provide a professional assessment, intervention and management services of the organization, and in cooperation with other agencies, to ensure that your child is integrated support.
The NZ Public Health and Disability Act 2000
It sets out public funding and provision of personal health services, public health services, and disability support services.
The District Health Boards
DHB means a District Health Board established under section 19 of NZPHD Act, and for the purpose of this direction includes the Ministry of Health where the Ministry is acting as purchasing agent for a DHB pursuant to an agency agreement. DHB also provides undertaking audit and monitoring programmes of their contracted mental health providers.
The service delivery policy on disability in Viet Nam
Sectorial disability-specific laws and regulations
According to the National Action Plan to Support People with Disabilities 2006-2010, a number of regulations have been adopted in support of people with disabilities.
Training and Employment
Provides guidance on implementation of some articles of the Labor Code on Employees with Disabilities, including the establishment of a quota system. Under this quota system, all forms of businesses are required to hire 3 per cent of their workforce as employees with disabilities. Companies who do not comply are subject to a fine, which is placed in a provincial employment fund for people with disabilities.
Social Security and Sustainable Livelihood Programmes
3. 2. 1. 2. 1 Provides supports to the families with more than two persons who can not serve themselves due to the war consequences.
3. 2. 1. 2. 2 Provides preferential allowance for people with merit to the national revolutions, including war veterans.
3. 2. 1. 2. 3 Implements policies to support staffs who take care of people with disabilities in state owned nursing centres.
3. 2. 1. 2. 4 Establishes the Vietnamese Association of Business Enterprises of People with Disabilities (VABED). The association is established as a socio-political organization to represent the interests of its members who are manufacturing, business and service enterprises of people with disabilities.
3. 2. 1. 2. 5 Stipulates that enterprises of people with disabilities can get loans from the Bank of Social Policies with an interest rate of 50 per cent of the already low rate (normal rate is 0. 5-0. 65 per cent, VABED member rate is 0. 32 per cent). This guidance also allows VABED member enterprises to borrow up to 30 million VND per employee, rather than the normal maximum rate of 500 million VND.
3. 2. 1. 3 Access to Build Environment and Transportation
Houses and buildings – Basic rules of accessible design and construction for people with disabilities.
Routes and Sidewalks – Basic rules of accessible design and construction for people with disabilities.
Residence – Guidance of accessible design and construction for people with disabilities promulgated by the Ministry of Construction.
The service delivery policy on disability in Philippines
National Policy and Legislative Framework
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7277 CHAPTER 8 Other Privileges and Incentives, Sec. 32. Have the following rights for persons with disabilities:
At least a 20% discount (20%), the exclusive use or enjoyment of persons with disabilities in all pharmacies to buy drugs..
At least 20% (20%), medical and dental services, including diagnostic and laboratory fees, such as a discount, but not limited to X-rays, CT scans and blood tests, in all government facilities, issued guidelines toDepartment of Health (DOH), the coordination with the Philippine health Insurance Company (PHILHEALTH).
Education to assist people with disabilities, their pursuit of primary, secondary, tertiary, and after three, as well as vocational or technical education in the public schools and private schools, by providing scholarships, grants, financial assistance, subsidies and other incentives to eligible persons with disabilities, including books, learning materials, and to the unified allowance to the extent feasible: support, that is, people with disabilities, should meet the minimum entry requirements.
At least twenty percent (20%) of the medical and dental services, including diagnostic and laboratory fees, discount of attending doctors in private hospitals and medical facilities and professional fees, in accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Department of Health, in coordination withPHILHEALTH.
At least 20% (20%) of the exclusive use and enjoyment of the public railway Disabled, Skyways Hotel and bus fare discounts.
Comparisons to service delivery policies operated in New Zealand
The organizations and policy on service delivery to disables are well covered for all these three countries. For example, medical treatment, education, and transportation are well considered for disables. NZ makes a difference, to the other two countries, on treating intelligent disables to provide them not only the support but also help them to live the same as the others with respect and dignity. Some similarities of New Zealand’s service as compared to the other two countries as stated in the New Zealand Disability Strategy: ” Create Long-Term Support Systems Centered on the Individual” where in the services delivered to the disabled people should have easy access to these types of support services. Also the NZ service delivery aims at varying and changing needs which support older people remaining in their own home and reducing the need for institutional care that is different from ones in the other two.
The international service delivery policies on aging
The service delivery policy on aging in New Zealand
New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy 2001. People need to think about their choice, they will want to have a positive age. Most people want to continue to contribute to society. The role of central and local government, in cooperation with the community to make this happen. There are a lot of debate, which will be how best to achieve this debate needs to be taken at the local level. New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy identified 10 target:
Income: The safety of the elderly and sufficient income
Enact legislation to publicly available in the future retirement income security.
Income support provisions to ensure that they provide adequate standard of living.
Monitor all changes in living standards.
Health:
Fair, timely, affordable and accessible health services to the elderly.
Overall based on health promotion throughout the life cycle.
The development of health service option that allows the integrated planning, funding and provision of primary schools, secondary schools, residential care and community support services.
Ensure the provision of multidisciplinary comprehensive geriatric needs assessment throughout New Zealand.
Housing
Burden for seniors, affordable and appropriate housing
Maintenance of the national housing rent to income-related policies.
Provide appropriate assistance to the local authorities of the cost.
To strengthen the legal protection of the residents of the retirement village.
Cooperation with the local government to increase the supply of universal design and energy-efficient low-rent housing, and residential areas including support for pensioners.
Is investigating options government assistance to low-income families to buy.
Transport
The elderly affordable, convenient transport options
Check public transport facilities, so that their user-friendly route, export, timetable and affordability, and regardless of the safety of the ages.
Comments older drivers to ensure that the driver re-licensing requirements, they are based on ability, rather than age.
Make sure that the lack of transport is no obstacle to access to medical services.
Ageing in Place
Older people feel safe and secure, age in place
Promotion and realization of safety awareness program for the elderly.
The development of a wide range of services to support aging in place.
The development of policy options to promote aging in place.
Improve the transmission of information with the relevant provisions and services, so the age of the elderly.
Cultural Diversity
A culturally appropriate range of services can be selected for the elderly
Increase the quantity and to provide quality services to Maori.
Increase the number of Pacific people to provide quality services.
Determine the ethnic communities, the elderly are particularly concerned about the problem and the development of these options to solve.
Rural
Older people living in rural communities to access services at a disadvantage.
Promote and support policies to encourage older people living in the rural communities of the growth and development opportunities.
Improve service delivery to the rural areas.
Additional costs to ensure that policies and sparsely populated rural communities to provide services.
Ensure fair and people in rural areas access to medical services.
Transport needs of the development programs in urban areas, to address the elderly in rural areas to access services and activities.
Attitudes
People of all ages have a positive attitude towards aging and older
Advertising and promotional activities to ensure that government agencies, for older people, a positive image.
Promote intergenerational programs in schools and communities.
To promote collaborative relationship between central and local government, businesses, non-governmental organizations and the community to promote active aging.
Employment
Eliminate age discrimination and to promote flexible work
Implementation of human resources policies, to provide a family-friendly workplace awareness and care responsibilities in support of government departments employment of older workers, and allow flexibility and to reduce working hours; ensure equity for the training provided to all workers, including older workers.
Ensure understanding and awareness of the elderly elderly issues.
Cooperation with the local government and business mentorship program to promote the use of the skills and experience of the elderly.
Opportunities
More and more opportunities for personal growth and social participation
Improve educational opportunities.
Implementation of adult education and retraining programs.
Encouraged to take advantage of the experience and skills of older persons.
Promote and support volunteer organizations.
The service delivery policy on aging in Viet Nam
4. 2. 1The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1992)-General Provisions Chapter II section 3 & 4
Primary healthcare at places of residence
4. 2. 1. 1. 1Commune, ward, township health stations have the following responsibilities: To carry out propaganda and dissemination in different forms of common healthcare knowledge; guide the elderly in skills of disease prevention and treatment and self-healthcare; To compile files for the elderly’s health monitoring and management; To give medical examination and treatment suitable to their specialization to the elderly; To coordinate with higher-level medical establishments in organizing periodical health checkups for the elderly. 4. 2. 1. 1. 2Commune, ward or township health stations shall send health workers to conduct medical examination and treatment at places of residence of lonely and seriously ill elderly persons who cannot go to medical establishments for examination and treatment. Commune, ward or township People’s Committees shall support the transport of patients defined in this Clause to medical establishments at the proposal of commune, ward or township health stations. 4. 2. 1. 1. 3The State encourages organizations and individuals to give medical examination and treatment to the elderly at their places of residence. 4. 2. 1. 1. 4Funds for the implementation of tasks defined at Clauses 1. Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article shall be provided by the state budget.
4. 2. 1. 2 Cultural, educational, physical training, sports, recreation and tourist activities
4. 2. 1. 2. 1The State invests and encourages organizations and individuals to invest in the construction of cultural, educational, physical training, sports, recreation and tourist establishments to satisfy the elderly’s demands for better spiritual fife and physical training. 4. 2. 1. 2. 2The State and society shall create favorable conditions for the elderly to learn and research and participate in cultural, physical training, sports, recreation and tourist activities through the following measures: Providing information, documents and guidance for the elderly to participate in learning and research; Providing support and guidance for the elderly to participate in cultural, recreation, tourist and deep-breathing practices as well as other physical training and sports activities suitable to their health and psychology; Providing supports in locations, tools, equipment and other material foundations suitable to the elderly’s activities: Encouraging enterprises and individuals to produce and trade in products and commodities suitable to the elderly’s needs.
4. 2. 1. 3 Public facilities, mass transit
4. 2. 1. 3. 1The construction or renovation of condominiums and public facilities must take into account the elderly’s characteristics and use needs. 4. 2. 1. 3. 2When participating in mass transit, the elderly shall be assisted and arranged convenient seats
The service delivery policy on aging in Philippines
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003
Republic Act. No. 7432. Section3. Contribution to the Community. . Office of Elderly Affairs (OSCA) any qualified senior citizens may lead to his / her service to the community, should include, but not limited to, the following: Tutorial and / or consultancy servicesActual teaching and demonstration of hobbies and income-generating capacity; Areas of expertise, such as agriculture, health, environmental protection, and similar talks; The acquisition of new skills transferOffice of Elderly Affairs (OSCA), to take other appropriate services, such as school traffic guide, tourist aide, pre-school assistants, and so on.