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Process Essay, 7 pages (1700 words)

Chapter 6 writing process phase 2: research, organize, compose

Chapter 6 Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose 1. Phase 2 of the 3-x-3 writing process begins with doing which of the following? a.| Writing the rough draft| b.| Deciding how to organize the message| c.| Selecting a communication channel| d.| Gathering necessary information| REF: p. 110 2. Spencer has been asked to find out what features his customers consider most important when purchasing a car. Probably the most useful way to research this information would be by a.| searching manually.| b.| searching electronically.| c.| investigating primary sources.| d.| experimenting scientifically.| REF: p. 110 3. Select the statement that most accurately describes brainstorming. a.| The goal of a brainstorming session is quality, not quantity.| b.| Critique and evaluate each idea as it is presented during a brainstorming session.| c.| To encourage the maximum number of ideas, avoid defining the problem at the beginning of a brainstorming session.| d.| A brainstorming session should be kept short and have an established time limit.| REF: p. 111 4. Formal research methods include a.| setting up an experiment.| b.| searching through previous correspondence.| c.| developing a cluster diagram.| d.| brainstorming.| REF: p. 111 5. Which of the following is an example of using an informal research method? a.| Gwen accesses an Internet database with her computer.| b.| Alex locates books on a subject in the public library’s card catalogue.| c.| Marina searches the company’s files for previous reports on an issue.| d.| Junko develops a survey to learn consumers’ opinions about a product.| REF: p. 111 ?6. Informal research methods include a.| experimenting scientifically.| b.| accessing electronic databases.| c.| developing a cluster diagram.| d.| investigating primary sources.| REF: p. 111 7. Cluster diagramming helps writers a.| generate and organize ideas.| b.| gather primary information by sampling a group of individuals.| c.| gather information from indexes, encyclopedias, and references books.| d.| organize focus groups and develop outlines.| REF: p. 111 8. Which of the following is not a typical outline format? a.| Decimal| b.| Alphanumeric| c.| Alpha decimal| d.| All of the above are typical outline formats.| REF: p. 112 9. Outlining forces a writer to a.| focus on the topic.| b.| identify major ideas.| c.| support ideas with details, illustrations, or evidence.| d.| All of the above.| REF: p. 112 10. Ideas in an outline should usually be grouped into a.| four to six major components or categories.| b.| three to five major components or categories.| c.| five to ten major components or categories.| d.| six to nine major components or categories.| REF: p. 115 11. Each major category in an outline should be divided into at least a.| three subcategories.| b.| four subcategories.| c.| five subcategories.| d.| two subcategories.| REF: p. 115 12. Which of the following should be a major category for this outline? a.| Setting margins and tabs| b.| Formatting documents| c.| Changing line spacing| d.| Adding page numbers| REF: p. 115 13. Which of the following should be a major category for this outline? a.| Travel arrangements| b.| Hotel reservations| c.| Car rental| d.| Airline reservations| REF: p. 115 14. An outline that presents the main idea followed by details, explanation, and evidence represents the a.| indirect organizational pattern.| b.| direct organizational pattern.| c.| geographical organizational pattern.| d.| informational organizational pattern.| REF: p. 116 15. If an audience will be receptive to a message, the most effective organizational pattern is the a.| indirect pattern.| b.| direct pattern.| c.| informational pattern.| d.| geographical pattern.| REF: p. 116 16. Frontloading means a.| presenting the recommendations at the end of the message where they will receive more emphasis.| b.| giving the details at the beginning of the message.| c.| supporting ideas with details.| d.| presenting the main idea at the beginning of the message.| REF: p. 116 17. The direct organizational plan a.| saves the reader’s time.| b.| ensures a fair hearing.| c.| minimizes a negative reaction.| d.| respects the feelings of the audience.| REF: p. 116 18. Which of the following should be organized in a direct pattern? a.| A sales letter encouraging current automobile insurance customers to purchase term life insurance| b.| A letter explaining why a customer’s insurance rates have increased significantly| c.| A letter denying a customer’s request for credit| d.| A memo informing new employees of the medical benefits they will receive| REF: p. 117 19. Which of the following should be organized in an indirect pattern? a.| A manual showing owners how to operate a new VCR| b.| A proposal submitted to a governmental agency requesting funding for a project| c.| A memo detailing the steps employees will follow when requesting vacation time| d.| A company’s annual report to its stockholders| REF: p. 117 20. Which of the following should be organized in an indirect pattern? a.| A report focusing on the company’s sales volume for the last quarter.| b.| A letter granting a customer’s request for a refund on a defective tire.| c.| A letter requesting donations to a shelter for the homeless.| d.| A memo requesting that employees attend an upcoming conference.| REF: p. 117 21. Ideas that require persuasion should usually be organized a.| in an indirect pattern.| b.| by geographical area.| c.| in a direct pattern.| d.| in a pivoting pattern.| REF: p. 117 22. One effective way to overcome writer’s block is to a.| stare at the page until you think of something to write.| b.| concentrate on finding the right word and perfect sentence structure before putting your ideas on paper.| c.| research your topic and prepare an outline before beginning to write.| d.| write your ideas on paper to be transferred to the computer at a later time.| REF: p. 119 23. Which of the following is a phrase? a.| Such as a businessperson| b.| I like movies| c.| Since Jim organized the event| d.| Although we decided to participate| REF: p. 120 24. Which of the following is a phrase? a.| Joan and I attended| b.| who joins the committee| c.| if you wish to go| d.| to be decided by the board of directors| REF: p. 120 25. Clauses that begin with words like if, when, because, and as are usually a.| independent.| b.| dependent.| c.| direct.| d.| indirect.| REF: p. 120 26. Independent clauses have a a.| subject.| b.| verb.| c.| complete thought.| d.| All of the above.| REF: p. 120 27. Dependent clauses contain a a.| subject.| b.| verb.| c.| complete thought.| d.| a and b only.| REF: p. 120 28. Which of the following is a dependent clause? a.| Running up and down the street| b.| During the course of the semester| c.| If we were to win the election| d.| I was pleased with the results of the election| REF: p. 120 29. Which of the following is an independent clause? a.| When the board decided| b.| In case of a change in plans| c.| Schedule the meeting for tomorrow.| d.| None of the above.| REF: p. 120 30. Which of the following is an independent clause? a.| If Carol thinks the plan will solve the problem| b.| In the decision-making process| c.| Since we are certain of the outcome of the election| d.| Then the decision was made| REF: p. 120 31. To be easily understood, sentences should a.| be at least 15 words in length.| b.| be about 20 or fewer words.| c.| be no longer than 30 words.| d.| average about 28 words.| REF: p. 121 32. Important ideas receive the most emphasis by placing them a.| in the middle of a sentence.| b.| either in the middle or at the end of a sentence.| c.| at the beginning of a sentence.| d.| in the middle of a paragraph.| REF: p. 121 33. In which of the following sentences does the board receive the most emphasis? a.| The board approved the plan.| b.| The plan was approved by the board.| c.| At its last meeting, the board approved the plan.| d.| This announcement is to inform all employees that the plan has been approved by the board.| REF: p. 121 34. Select the passive sentence. a.| A change was indicated in the note at the bottom of the page.| b.| Both companies agreed to the merger.| c.| Global competition forces businesses to re-evaluate their products and services.| d.| Entry-level employees must complete the training by June.| REF: p. 121 35. To direct attention away from people and focus on an action, use a.| dependent clauses.| b.| passive voice.| c.| active voice.| d.| independent clauses.| REF: p. 121 36. Select the active-voice sentence. a.| Your vacation request must be submitted by this Friday.| b.| Europeans usually take four-week vacations in the summer.| c.| The suggestion will be implemented as soon as funding is available.| d.| The performance appraisal was conducted by Mr. Jones.| REF: p. 121 37?. To be hired, an application form must be completed is a sentence that contains a a.| limiting sentence.| b.| dangling modifier.| c.| limiting clause.| d.| misplaced dangler.| REF: p. 122 38. By changing the schedule, production was increased substantially is a sentence that contains a a.| limiting clause.| b.| pivoting clause.| c.| limiting sentence.| d.| dangling modifier.| REF: p. 122 39. The patient was referred to a psychiatrist with a severe emotional problem is a sentence that contains a a.| misplaced modifier.| b.| pivoting sentence.| c.| misplaced dangler.| d.| limiting clause.| REF: p. 122 40. Which of the following sentences avoids a dangling or misplaced modifier? a.| While pumping gas, an unoccupied car rolled into mine.| b.| Please take time to examine the brochure that is enclosed with your family.| c.| Reported stolen, the car was located by the police.| d.| As the winner of the contest, the judge awarded a prize to Lisa.| REF: p. 122 41. The train was late that pulled into the station is a sentence that contains a a.| limiting clause.| b.| dangling sentence.| c.| misplaced modifier.| d.| limiting sentence.| REF: p. 122 42. A paragraph that describes a new procedure for scheduling a leave of absence would most likely follow the a.| direct paragraph plan.| b.| indirect paragraph plan.| c.| pivoting paragraph plan.| d.| linked paragraph plan.| REF: p. 123 43. A paragraph that begins with a limiting sentence before presenting the main sentence follows the a.| indirect paragraph plan.| b.| direct paragraph plan.| c.| modified paragraph plan.| d.| pivoting paragraph plan.| REF: p. 123 44. Use the pivoting paragraph plan to a.| describe an action to be taken.| b.| clarify a new procedure.| c.| build a rationale for an idea.| d.| compare and contrast ideas.| REF: p. 124 45. A paragraph that begins with supporting sentences followed by the main sentence follows the a.| direct paragraph plan.| b.| indirect paragraph plan.| c.| pivoting paragraph plan.| d.| linked paragraph plan.| REF: p. 123 46. Which of the following is not a useful technique for linking ideas in a paragraph? a.| Dovetailing sentences| b.| Pivoting sentences| c.| Sustaining the key idea| d.| Using pronouns| REF: p. 124 47. Furthermore, as a result, however, and on the other hand are examples of a.| limiting phrases.| b.| dovetailing.| c.| supporting modifiers.| d.| transitional expressions| REF: p. 125 48. For instance, likewise, and similarly are transitions that introduce a.| examples.| b.| contrasting thoughts.| c.| comparisons.| d.| analogies.| REF: p. 125 49. Paragraphs are generally easier to read when they contain a.| eight or fewer printed lines.| b.| eight or fewer printed sentences.| c.| five or fewer printed sentences.| d.| at least five printed lines.| REF: p. 127

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