Chapter 6 – principles of cognitive learning and theory

Principles (laws)Statements about an area of study that are generally accepted as true. Cognitive learning theoriesTheories that explain learning in terms of people’s thinking and the processes involved in acquiring, organinzing, and using knowledge. ONCHAPTER 6 – PRINCIPLES OF COGNITIVE LEARNING AND THEORY SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowMeaningfulnessThe extent to which experiences and information are interconnected with other experiences or information. Cognitive constructivismA view that describes knowledge construction as an individual, internal process. Social constructivismA view of constructivism suggesting that learners first construct knowledge in a social context and then individually internalize it. Appropriating understandingThe process of individually internalizing understanding after it has first been socially constructed. Sociocultural theoryA form of social constructivism that emphasizes the social dimensions of learning, but places greater emphasis on the larger cultural contexts in which learning occurs. Community of learnersA learning environment in which the teacher and students work together to help everyone learn. Cognitive apprenticeshipThe process of having a less-skilled learner work at the side of an expert to develop cognitive skills. Situated cognitionA theoretical position in social constructivism suggesting that learning depends on, and cannot be separated from, the context in which it occurs. TransferThe ability to apply understanding acquired in one context to a different context. MisconceptionA belief that is inconsistent with evidence or commonly accepted explanations. High quality examplesExamples that include all the information learners need to understand a topic. AssessmentThe process of gathering information and making decisions about students’ learning progressInformal assessmentThe process of gathering incidental information during learning activities. Formal assessmentThe process of systematically gathering information about learning from all students.