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Chapter 3 – essentials of comparative politics

societyComplex human organization, a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conductedethnic identity/ethnicitySpecific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from othersnationA group that desires self-government through an independent statenational identityA sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirationsnationalismPride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destinycitizenshipAn individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return is obligated to provide rights to those citizenspatriotismPride in one’s statenation-stateA state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and representethnic conflictA conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expensenational conflictA conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a resultpolitical attitudesDescription of one’s views regarding the speed and methods with which political changes should take place in a given societyradicalsThose with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary changeconservativesThose with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current orderreactionarySomeone who seeks to restore the institutions of a real or imagined earlier orderpolitical ideologyThe basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equalityliberalism(1) A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; (2) An ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedomliberal democracyA political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rightscommunism(1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; (2) A political ideology that advocates such a systemsocial democracy (socialism)(1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures; (2) A political ideology that advocates such a systemfascismA political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful stateanarchismA regional focus when studying political science, rather than studying parts of the world where similar variables are clusteredfundamentalismA view of religion as absolute and inerrant that should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authoritycultureBasic institutions that define a societypolitical cultureThe basic norms for political activity in a society ONCHAPTER 3 – ESSENTIALS OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Now

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