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Ch 10: avoidance & 2-factor theory

Avoidance LearningMaking a response to prevent an aversive stimulus from occurringWhy do learning theorists struggle with avoidance learning? Bc imagining that a response occurs from something not happening is hard

i. e. How can the absence of an event be the reinforcer?

ONCH 10: AVOIDANCE & 2-FACTOR THEORY SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowWhat addresses this issue? Mowrer’s Two-Factor TheoryMowrer’s Two-Factor Theory- 1st Factor: Pavlovian fear conditioning of warning stimuli, which motivates avoidance behavior and provides the opportunity for…
– 2nd Factor: Reinforcement of the instrumental response through fear reduction (when you make the response, the signal and shock turns off; this is the reinforcer)Problems with Tw0-Factor Theory:- Unsignaled avoidance
– Lack of extinctionUnsignaled AvoidanceAccording to two-factor theory, terminating the warning signal (and escaping fear) should play a major role in allowing avoidance learning, by providing reinforcement through fear reduction

Sidman’s ” free-operant avoidance” procedure eliminated warning signal

Sidman’s ” free-operant avoidance” Prodecure- Rat receives brief electric shock at regular intervals (5 sec) unless it made a lever press response.
– If rat pressed the lever, the response initiated a ” response-shock” interval (20 sec).
– If response-shock interval was longer than the shock-shock interval (20 sec), the rat learned to lever-press.
– Outcome: Rats still learn avoidanceWhy is response a free operant? Bc rat can make the response whenever it wants toLack of ExtinctionIf the signal is no longer paired with shock, extinction should occur, but it doesn’t. Explanation for lack of extinctionProtection from Extinction

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