Bureaucracy

Woodrow Wilson – ” The Study of Administration” Believed political scientists had neglected the study of public administration and the problems involved in management. He argues tat public administration should be carried out in accordance with scientific principles of management and efficiency, an argument that would recur every few decades in demands to reform and ” reinvent” government. Woodrow Wilson’s 2 Objects of Administrative Study1. To discover what government can properly and successfully do.
2. How to do these things with efficiency and at the least possible cost of money and energy. Woodrow Wilson states that Administration is: Government in actionWoodrow Wilson states that the field of Administration is: BusinessWoodrow Wilson believes Bureaucracy can only exist: Where the whole service of the state is removed from the political life of the people, it’s chiefs, as well as it’s rank and file. James Q. Wilson: ” From Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It” The Government will never operate like a business, nor should we expect it to. Government bureaucracies operate in a political marketplace, rather than an economic one. Government bureaucracies internal structures and decision making procedures are defined by legislation, regulation, and executive orders, whereas similar decisions in a private business are made by executive officers and management within the organizations. James Q. Wilson’s 3 Key Restraints of Bureaucracies1. Cannot lawfully retain and devote to the private benefit of their members the earnings of the organization.
2. Cannot allocate the factors of production in accordance with preferences of the organization’s administrators.
3. Must serve goals not of the organization’s own choosing. James Q. Wilson states government management focuses on the: Top line(constraints)What do bureaucracies do with their money? (James Q. Wilson)Return all unexpended funds at the end of the fiscal year. How do bureaucracies acquire capital? (James Q. Wilson)Persuading LegislationWho tells bureaucracies how many people it can hire and by what rate of pay? (James Q. Wilson)By CongressJames P. Pfieffner: ” Presidential Use of White House Czars” Believes that these ” czar” advisers is nothing new and relfects the long-standing tension between administrative neutrality and responsiveness to presidential policy procedures. Article II Section 2 of the Constitution states: (James P. Pfieffner)” The President shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint… Officers of the United States.” Stated in Franklin Roosevelt’s Brownlow Committee in 1937 about Czars: (James P. Pfieffner)” These aides have no power to make decisions or issue instructions in their own right.” Presidents designate Czars in order to: (James P. Pfieffner)Coordinate policy making across different departments and agencies. They lift a burden from the President. Matthew Spalding: ” Examining the History and Legality of Executive Branch Czars” Believes that policy should be made by technical experts who do not have to answer to the public, or by elected representatives. He argues that the government has grown large, intrusive, and potentially uncontrollable due to a wide staff of unaccountable institutions. ONBUREAUCRACY SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Now