How would you describe the social hierarchy of classical China? (officials, landlords, peasants, merchants) Officials At the top; administrators who were trained as scholars Landlords Level after Officials; owned and rented out land Peasants Level after Officials; majority of population, and were productive Merchants Lowest level; unproductive, greedy, and shamefully unprofitable 2. What reforms were instituted under Emperor Wang Mans? Government loans to peasant families, limits on the how much land a family could owe n, and an end to private slavery. . How did the scholar gentry view the peasants?
They were the solid productive backbone of the country and they were worthy of Para Class and Caste in India 4. What are the origins of classical Indian’s caste system? The origin is vague, but at best it grew out of South Sais’s varied culture’s and of the e economic and social differences among them. 5. How was Indian society divided? How did the Visa and Sutra classes change? Who at class ranked lower than the Sutras? It was divided into four ranks in hierarchical order of: Brahmins, Ashtray, Aphasia, an d Sutra. The Visa evolved from cultivators to merchants, and Sutra evolved to peasant farmers.
The untouchables were ranked below Sutras. 6. What is the difference between Verna and Sati as expressions of classical Indian’s c asset system? The Verna system consists of more broad categories in a social hierarchy to explain in equality. While, Satin’s were occupational based groups that split up the Varian and untouchable sees into many smaller groups based on their Verna ranking. 7. How did Indian’s caste system differ from China’s class system? Indian’s caste system gave religious status and ritual authority, while China made polite al officials the highest elite.
India also had more distinctive social groups, whereas China’s categories s were more broad. 8. What is one reason that India seldom experienced an empire that encompassed the e entire subcontinent? The localization of caste focusing most people’s loyalties on a quite restricted territory y and weakened the authority of larger Lillian states. 9. What are the three functions of caste? The individual’s life, the community life, and the social life. Slavery in the Classical Era: The Case of the Roman Empire 10. What does one scholar suggest as a model for enslaving people? The domestication of animals. 1 . How did the inequalities of slavery differ from those of caste? (Think status, work, rights, and opportunities. ) Slaves were considered outsiders, whereas in the caste each Sati had a position. Slave s were owned and sold, worked for no pay, and had no rights, unlike the Caste. Slaves could become free e and transform their social status, caste member could not. 12. How did Groomsman slavery differ from that of other classical civilizations? They had a lot more slaves and depended on them more; and they participated in far more occupations than other civilizations.
Comparing Patriarchies of the Classical Era 13. In what ways did the expression of Chinese patriarchy change over time, and why did it change in the first place? Genders were now unequal as yang being masculine and yin being feminine. Distinct ion between the public and political roles of men and the private domain of women. The idea of ” three e obedience” described a woman’s subordination first to her father, then husband, then son. 14. Following the collapse of the Han Dynasty in the third century, what were the sign s of awakening patriarchy? Did patriarchy end in China?
Buddhism and Taoism grew while Confucianism was discredited. And pastorals and nomads invaded Northern China taking over the ruling of small states by replacing Han government. 15. How did the patriarchies of Athens and Sparta differ from each other? Athens: Limitations on women such as excluded from public and political life, had to be represented by a guardian, and must remain to their to home. Women were married in their mid teen s too man 101 5 years older. Land passed through mail heirs. Sparta: Women had more freedom. Great value on male warriors.
Women were once raged to become trotter to secure sons, could play in sports, married men their own age, and had MO re household authority. 16. How did Spartan society solve the problem of a permanent threat from the helots ? By using a militaristic regime. Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and the Buddha 17. List the changes and continuities of the classical era. Changes Roman Empire encompassed the whole Mediterranean basin in a single political system Buddhism and Christianity became new distinct universal religions Collapse of the China and Roman empire Continuities China’s scholar gentry Indian’s caste system
Slavery Patriarchy Religion and culture practice of the secondhand era Explain the significance of each of the following: Schoolteacher class ? Governed and administered the Chinese empire during the Han Dynasty Yellow Turban Rebellion? a major Chinese peasant revolt Caste ? social organization in India divided into four groups based on hierarchy Dharma ? the fulfillment of one’s social and religious duties Karma ? a result in the your good or bad deeds in a life Latitudinal ? a large estate in Rome Asparagus? a slave who led a rebellion against the Roman army Helots ? Spartan slaves that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B. C. E. Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best answer. Each answer is worth 10 points. 1 .
Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible facto r in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations? (A) Long periods of peace (B) The decline of patriarchy (C) The early domestication of animals (D) Race 2. Which of the following was a difference between India and China’s social structures? (A)Lillian society was divided into fewer distinct social groups than was Chinese Socio TTY. B)landau’s social groups were defined more rigidly than China’s social groups. (C) China’s class system gave priority to religious status and ritual purity. (D)Len India, the highest positions in the social structure was reserved for political office ills. 3.
Wang Man’s reform program following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 B. C. E. Launched which of the following? (A) The creation and promotion of large private estates. (B) Official recognition for the practice of private slavery. (C) Oversight of government officials by local landlords. (D) Government loans to peasant families. . Which of the following factors made China unique in the ancient world? (A)Len China, slaveholders defined society. (B) China’s social organization was shaped by the actions of the state. (C) A strict caste system explicitly defined China’s social structure. (D)Len China, women were allowed a role in public life. 5.
Once the system of Sati in India was established, (A)individual Sati were locked into an unchanging hierarchy in relation to other Sati. (B)individuals within a Sati regularly raised their social status by growing wealthy one ugh to Join other Sati. C)an individual Sati could slowly raise its standing in relation to other Sati in the local hierarchy by acquiring land or wealth. (D) no individual could be expelled from his or her Sati. 6. In comparison to Han China, all of the city states of classical Greece possess deed (A)economies more heavily reliant on slaves. (B)slave systems that came to associate slavery primarily with race. (C)economies less heavily reliant on slaves. D) more freedoms for women, including some political rights. 7. In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest rest actions? (A) Han China B) Athens (C)lamellar Rome (D) Sparta 8. Which of the following philosophies and religions provided a unifying ideology gay for peasant rebellions? (A) Hinduism (B) Confucianism (C) Taoism (D) Zoroastrian 9. Which of the following distinguished the experience of women in Sparta fro m those in Athens? (A) Uppercases women in Sparta were more strictly confined to the home. (B)Len Sparta, women usually married men of about their own age. (C) Athenian women were able to participate in their government. D) In Athens, elite women were strongly encouraged to learn to read and write. 10. In the centuries following the fall of the Han Empire, Chinese women (A)found themselves restricted to a greater degree than ever before because of the c ultra influence of the nomadic peoples who conquered much of northern China. (B) were removed from positions as priests, nuns, and reclusive mediators in Taoist Movements. (C) benefited from the growing influence of Buddhism, which provided some women with the option of life in Buddhist monasteries an alternative to raising a family.. (D) were encouraged by the writings of Ban Chou to be more assertive in their relation unships to men.